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1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
地理
(#-)
明德出版社李婉儀提供資料
Geography (21)
Y. Y. Lee
Mili & Dale Press Iti
41. Rubber growers in westen
Malaysia are facing with increasing difficulures, Mr. Brown, an owner of a rubber plantation along the western foothills, said in a recent Interview:
"In the past, planted rubber in all my fields, but now 1 plant it on only 65% of the land. I grow other the rest of
cash crops
my land."
01
A
Port
Swattenham
Kuala Lumpur
• Land, over 400M
Rubber Plantation Railway
singapore
Sketch Section of AB
4′′N
B
.F.
Temp.
(ur)
L
$30°c.
300
2410
200
100
0
JFMAMJ JASOND
Climatic Graph of Kuala Lumpur
01
a. With reference to the shove
diagrams, give an account the favourable conditious which used to encourage Mr. Brown and other plantation owners to grow rubber as a major cash crop in the western foothills of the Malay Peninsular.
b. Explain why they live to
diversify their crops.
Suggested Answers:
. Favourable conditions for
rubber plantation in W. Malaysia
-----
1. Temperature and Bainfall
W. Malaysia is located within the Doldrums. The temperature is constantly high, with an overage round 26°C, Rainfall is heavy and evenly distributed all year, totalling to around 2000
to 2500mm. This hot and moist condition is suitable for rubber growing. Though there are usually heavy downpours in the afternoon, mornings are clear for tapping. The growing season is long. 2. Sheltered
Shade and shelter are
important for the rubber
tree, especially in its
early stage. The western
coasts are sheltered from
the monsoon Windy -- the NE
winter monsoon 15 sheltered by the Main Range ajul Bise
MS
SW monsoon 19 sheltered by
the Sumatran Mountain,
3. Well-drained soils
Rubber tree grows well on well drained lowlands or undulating land. In Malaysia
the well-dralued Coothills on the westeru side of the Main Range form suitable terrains, Rubber is extended to the coastal lowland where the drainage is under control.
4. Cheap labour and efficient
techniques
Rubber growing requires a large cheap labour forea since there. are many tasks involved in running a plantation. It is also desirable for some of the Jahour to be skilled in tapping the trees. In western Malaysia, there large cheap labour force from immigrants and scientific techniques of the British who formerly controlled most of the plantation,
5. Easy communication
is
A
Rubber is export- oriented, so an easy communi- cation network is desirable. The western foothills of K. Malaysia are well above the flond lowland. Main roads and railways have been constructed along these drier areas to link up the great seaports such as Singapore and Poft Swettenham to facilitate export.
K
o, Stable government
The stable government attracts foreign capitals and skilful labour, e.g. the overseas Chinese.
7. Markets
Favourable world markets exist, U.S.A. is the largest consumer of rubber for making
motor-car tyres,
b. Deasons for the diversification
It is a general treud that many of therubber growers have now diversified their crops as the profit from rubber growing falls. It is mainly due to Chie keener competition from synthetic rubber that results in the fall of the demand of natural rubber, as the deman decreases, price falts and profit becomes less, The rubber growers, of course, are directly affected, but the economy of the country will be threatened ton. Therefore, diversification is greatly encouraged, Besides other plantazion crops suck as oil palm, coconut and pineapple, crops are particularly important as the country still has to import a lot of food.
fand
42. Below shows a plan of a
farm in the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia,
a. Give a reasoned aecount
of the farming activities which are carried on in this farm.
b. What are the main
characteristics found in this farm which cannot be found in an average furm in Hong Kong?
Plan of a farm
Main
་ (༦༢)
(35)
Road
(2)
1221
(40)
758)
Main
Hond
Pasture
Pallow
Wheat
Homestead
(30)
43 Dan (No. in brackets
show area in hectares) Suggested Answers:
4. Advantages of mixed farming
The diagram is an example of a mixed farm, Mixed farming is a Com feature in the wheat belt of Australia. In recent years,
most of the farms there
combine extensive wheat farming with the growing of ather crops and the rearing of sheep, either for their wool or their neat, Mixed farming 18 practised there because of the follo
reasons:
1. In the farm, cultivated,
land is divided into paddocks up to 42 hectares in size, The paddocks are used for the growing of wheat and pasture, and soubsA C are left falow,munio evidences suggeste crop rotation and Fandyes. rotation are most probably found there. Notation is practised there in order to check soil erosion. Soil exhausts easily underb monoculture. If the same" kind of erop is grown year- after year on the same pièce of land, after a certain period, the soil fertility will be deflected and the yield of the crop will become lower and lower, By the rotation of crop with regular fallow period, mojl fertility can be retained- and a higher wheat yield is possible.
2. Since, the soil is more
fertile, pasture for sheep can be improved.
3. The diversification of
farning practic: cus gurantee and increase the income farmers as well." Even though there is a crop. --- failure, the Iowa incurred can be compensated for by the sale of wool,
4. After harvesting the vheut,
the stubbles can be
utilized to feed the sheep, 5. The sheep grazing on the
land produce was to products. which are good fertilizers for the soil.
6. The work on the farm is
spread evenly throughout the year since wheat is BOWN IN inte autumn and winter and harvested in aurer, while shearing and lambing take place in spring.
b. Differences from an average
form in Wong Kong.
1. The mixed farm, with a
total area of 275 hectares, is much larger than the farms in Hong Kong. Many farms in Hong Kong are less than one'hectare.
2. The land of the farm is divided into paddocks in which a single type of crop is grown. In Hong Kong, several different types of crops can be found growing
011
a smalt
of
land.
plot 3. Crop rotation and tr
rotation are practised there' Some land is left faltow for the recovery of fertility, In Hong Kong, except the abandoned tand, laud betongs to a farmer is fatty utilized Usually the barvest of one crop is immediately followed by another. Sometimes fallow Tand may be founil, but 28. only for a very short períod of time.
4. The wheat frown on
farm is grovu as a kind of commercial crop, while wond of the sheep which fed on the pasture also.enters International trade. „Farming- An Ping Kong is "mate....
subsistence. The products from an average farn vi Hong Kong account for only a small percentage of local Consumption.
5. The standard of living of
the owner of this farm 18 high while in Hong Kong, the Lite of farisera ja usually poor-because the farms are too small to be worked at a profit.
0. This form is highly mechanized. Wheat is harvested by combined harvester and wool sheared by electrig shears, to Hồng. Kong, Jürna aré gon small- heardchanized. Farmers
en, lu3fe3oes for puling ploughs.
生
1980.
試類預習專欄
物
(#-)
明德出版社梁蜂提供資料
Biology (21
. W, Loung
Mill & Dale Preas iud
Unit 14:
Instructions to candidates
Interpretation of graphs
When interpreting graphis, the
following points should ̧be noticed, S.
1. Make sure that you-have-
understood the meaning of each axis,
2. Analyse the graph from left to right, see how the vertical value changes with the horizontul value, 5. Make aure that you have
got a general idea on the whole graph before you write anything....
4. Befer only to the graph
snon answering questions. You may be asked to describe and explain the change that a graph represents, in such questions, more marks may be gained if the answers are presented in an order way. Consider the graphs below:
X
The order of description and explanation should be:
1. the happening at X, 2. the happening between
X and Y,
4. thè happenềng between
Yaid. Z.
5. the happening åt. Z. (4) Diagrams
To construct diagrams
In this type of question, maklik ore allocated-both for
Phe-drawing and the
labels.
Therefore diagrams Aton11. be cumplete, clear, neat, with reasonable size and accurately. Tabelled. To construet goodl diagrams, candidates should bear in mind the fallowing instructions,
1. Dingrants are preferably drawn in penc›) and Tabelled'in indi →
. The lines of the drawing
should be thin and Continuou
Bai kerched,
3. Shading and colouring if
should be avoided,
4. Labeling lines
i) should be drawn withk
a pruçi 1.2nd, a enter, it should trouth-the-
structures to whirlt they refer, (iii) should never cross Tivi should be evenly
spaced arraund the diagram.
5. labels shënEd, bg, couple
accurate and goffee & sped by.
6, unless specifieth, Sibere no need to-déqeribe and explain the diagram. Interpretation of diagrams
Questions with diagrams are set every year. The diagram may be a biological structure, an ecosystem, the serruptor the rešuj 57, of an experiment. or others. No matter what the diagram 'ís, keep in mind the
following points when dealing
with it.
1. Read the explanatory
information given, for the
diagram slowd vejrudze
Lenterally
.:
Font whài
NO KEPADAR,
K. K
Venetako mužem pa ga pol
section
nielesitaka ENGINELAIN
drawn in, or whether
parts in the diagrem arg
drawn to scale.
3. Altend to every details
the diagram, be
of
(the exact struciorezide
the aprāvojoj its aLTUA, understand the meanLug overy Tabe11ffig Worl” or “ phrase.
4. A auswers should be
restricted to the diagramg only; unless specified, do not write irrelevant material.
When umming structures be careful of spelling mistakes, De tot give a plural name When the SIPUC bure is singular (e.g. villi for villus). Geneties and Calenlations Some candidates like to chouse questions on geneti da or calculations for they can' score nearly fulmarks a. then---something which is very difficult.te dỡ' on other forms of questions, Questions on geneties
T. Follow the instructions, and use the symbol givea 2. When making diagram to
show the cross.
----------------
val write out all the steps invaj ved njen eltaining the result (b) write down all the possible types gamete from the parents and work out all the possible combinations- from randon Fertilization (c) label the cross'
adequately, indicati parents, gametes, generation,
phenotype etc.
3. Describe clearly the
homozygous individuals homozygous dormisant or homozygous recessive. Questions un calculations. 1. show arep by step how
the results are worked ·
till t..
2. the stops and the answers should contain proper units.