翼二第張六第日六十月二十年未己買
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑華
六期星
「
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集
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Arazersy 1
拔河比賽,華行時多,
·的壓軸好戲,往往是一
校邁食或遊戲日
拔河
「拔河」之名,
· 塔界 - 比賽降烷幹任蚋,呼聲獏天,十分 梨小數百條。人們分兩邊控裡,中間聚 十五學行。那時的鄉珽州五十丈,兩頭分 佔域變扽桠無助在民閧流行,常在正月
一鈷用大筏標的,後來改用娇期。
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W毬牖,分崩拔河,帝與融片,公主親往
一品以上,沖議學士等,自芳林門入,集於
「命中出門下供案官五品以下,文
1.
簡覆
ZER-HERY ||
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來狨摄及高等
開我,故不無再行刊登
BEZRES AND
發拆生及日生均會收
尚有敎育
消息刊
日二月二年〇八九一圈公年九十六國民華中
7
*
金學獎構機播傳
歐系聞新大中贈紛 雞
HE
、李月運、胡鈺雄、蔡永業、烤、余玉明、余
< • #$@#ÇQBEYKOR· (#).. KEGRESKËTA - NE.
幣二千五竹元-由三 - 四年級學生亭月 -霰
今期,熱點人,昨日親自將獎學金頒贈給得獎
E
斌待親也業藐
明余接任余
戰從
女手金。
「永港。多
EYEES - KRM
BEKKESSÉ
照及研究所碩士班
汞
(PE) EN
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟
(++)
明德出版社陳勵行提供資甘
Économie (17)
R. E. Vong & L. T. Chan
(Mill & Dale Press Ltd) Money and banking Central banks and Commercial banks
their functions and facilities
1. The functions of a
central bank
A central bank is a bank of government. It is set up by the government and is not profit-making. The implemen- tation of policies in, a central bank is directly controlled by the government, Usually, a central bank is the nationalized institution which work with the government to carry out the monetary policy and to promote the economic develop ent of the country. Its functions
can be
summarized as follows: 1. to issue legal tender
Currencies, including banknotes and coins, are issued by the central bank under the supervision of goverment. Since the aount of circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the ecology, govera- mout ka nexpomstile Torį adjusting the amount of legal tender fasued by the central bank,
In a complex monetary economy, money serves as a dynamic role in addition to being a medium of exchange exchange. Government may regulate the level of nýney and liquidity in the econory
to achieva sose desired policy objectives such as the control of inflation, the growth in the Gross “National Product and the
improvement of balance of payments.
NO AN
2. to be the bank of
government
Government revenue; arc usually atured in the central “bank and the public expepdi- Ature and payments are dobr through it. A central bank usually keeps the accounts of the government departmeajts. 3. to be the advisor of
government on finauciu! and monetary policies
The central bank deta us the advisor of govermibent in all the matters about) monetary and banking policie policies. The central pale may has a effective management team giving relevant information and suggestions to government se as to solve any economic problems and to help the economic development. 4. to keer the cash
reserves of private banks It is a law that all the private banking institutions must deposit a part of their cash reserves in the central bank, Accordingly, lite central bank centralizes the cash resp; ves
i
to protect the security and control the liquidity of the whole ban' ing system,
henever there is necessary for the privati banka to borrow some money, the central bank till bak
them up lending them cash
funds. If there is any
financial crisis necurred in a private bank, the central
bank is responsible for
supporting it as for
possible in order that
national economic stability
can be maintained.
5. to be a bank of contral
clearance, settlement
a transfer
The neutral bank is the bunker's bank. It provides
the facilities of clearance of cheques and the transfer of funds between baiks. It is the place for the banka to clear their cheques received from their customers and drawn upon other banks, In such a case, mutual
indebtedness between the neaber banks may be cancelled and the wount owned to any banks would be calculated.
4.
to supervise the uperstions of private bonks
a central bank takes the responsibility to help the government to carry out the banking laws and to watch and direct the work done by private banks. 7. to carry vat meone tury
ponetary policy
The central bank controls the note issue, accepts deusity from and makes us to the comercial banks and money market in such a way that it handles the main tool of panetary policy in a enantey, for instances, inflation, can he tweld by the ardhu Bakary authority trougli control of the quantity of money which is circulating. Ia addition, government can change the reserve àatio of the private banke or change the discount rate and the rate of interest by adjusting and banking ordinanves so as tu achieve the goals of monetary policy.
ང་
to keep gold reserves ani furcing exchange reserves of the country
In order to maintain the stability of the external of the external value of the national currency syste the central bank keeps the gold seserves and foreiga exchange reserves 4 ander- take the open sapoke operation by law of exchange control. 9. to offer facilítíva tu
customers as a comercial bank does
The contral bank also provides the general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, loans and advances, renitence and ether acrvices.
1. The funeron and
facilities provided in cara.ercial banks
a comercial bank is a profit-aking firm operated by private individuals. It is established for the vurpose of seeking profits by way of offering various banking services. Banking laws and ordinances are set up to regolate the working targets of all commercial banks.
The comercial banks
operate branches and directly deal with individual customers. They are operated under the super- vision of goverment or central bank and play an active eenzonic role. Their functions cant be sumsurized as follows:
1. to keep money for
custumars
Commercial banks provide the services that saving deposits, fixed deposits and demand deposits are accepted, wifferent rates of interest are applied to various deposits together with the different ways of withdrawing money.
2. to lead money to
customers
Loung and advances are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest ou 010 hand, and promote the industrial and remuercial development on the other. The loans and advances include short-term and long-term loans, advanc, s, overdrafts and discount bill of exchange. Government play the supervisory role to cover all deposit taking institutions.
مراد
3. to create bank credit
rither a central bank a comercial bank can bring about an increase of equal amount in bank deposits, In other words, when a bank makes an advance to a customer, whether by over-
draft or loan account the result is an increase in total purchasing power.
For example, if a borrower bas only a small balance to the credit of His acenuut and he obteins an
overdraft of $500. He can draw a cheque for this account and pay it to the crediḍar? Ale crediter, deposit it into his own account, the creditor's account will have increased by 500. In this case,. the borrower's account can only show a debit for this account. nie combined banis balance sheet, advances, and deposits will bath have increased by $50 If there is any monetary discrepancy happened; the central bank should have the power to cuntrol the expansion of bank credit,
4. to offer the service of
regittance
બ
Benithance acaus that the aney is transferred from one place to another. Imagine that you waut Lo sent HR 100 to your friend living in Cnited states, you cun est for the help of the Remitiance Department in any eunmercial bank.
First of all, the Outward Remittance heparbeut would calculate how many US daltars your 100 th dollars vili buy on the Foreign exchange market by referring to the day's exchange rate. If the rate is 135 for CS$1, your K3100 will buy US$20. Therefore the bank will give you a bankdraft for US$20, sext, you can use a mail transfer. That is to say, the bank sends an airmail instruction to its brauch in United States tu authorize the branch to pay your friend the sum of the money. if it is very urgens for you to send the amount of money, you can make se of the telegraph transfer alugit it would be Bere expensive.
5. to offer inport and
export facilities
Comercial Barks offer
a special service called documentary credit to help the promotion of business. It is the guarantee given by a bank that its customer will pay for a suipment of goods if the correct documents are supplied as
*
ovidence that the niparent has been made..
Furthermore, the
credit line is the service provided to allow
Coppany
.
to receive goods before paying for them. 6. to provide other
miscellaneous services
to the customers such as (s) keeping valuables for
customers;
(b) providing business
information and guidance; (c) offering monthly
instalment payment Inaps;
(d) helping clients in texation problems:
(e) acting as the under writers for nes stocks;
(r) acting as the
executors of will un behalf of their clien clients;
(g) issuing of credit
cards;
(h) providing auto-play
facilities;
(i) selling gift chequer.
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
附加數
(++)
明德出版社寄佳康提供資料
Additional Mathematics (17)
C. Y. Shux
(Mill & Dale Press Ltd)
Differentiation
Sorked Exarıyles:
1. Differentiate with respect
to x:
(b) tens T-cusa
(+) (2)"-Jay-y"+ns-6y-5 -0 Solution:
(a) Lot 307(5x-2)
dy
x2 [V(5x=2)3•5] (5-2) 10.
9x2
{དx-!!}3 -[(5-2)2+10x (73-2)3]
-
{TA=213 [5x=2499x] 《17、-2》《5、-2).3
respect to a
2y+(5)+u+6(x) = 0
.*. (3x+y=6)
dy
-(4x+33 +11)
3x+2y=6
4x+3x+8 6-3x-2y
2. Find the maximum and Bini-um values of
X+4
2-7x-x
Solution;
Let y
*
2-3x-2x*
= 0
4.
4 x _ ( 1 ) (2-3x-2x ") - (x-4) ( − 3 – 4 x)
L
(2-3x-3x)*
(2-3x-2)
д
(2-7x-2x)2
For stationary values,
- 0 put
BE
ふ
1.1.
(2-3x-2x)
X
*
-1
0
**+8x+7 = (x+1)(x+7)
or -7
or 1
25
(, substitute
-7 into (1)).
L
R -7
L -1
dy
0
-
*
itx
EX & X.
Di 1,
'L' means values of x less than -7, -1.
just
** menys values of x just
greater than -7, -7.
From the table above,
we find that at x = -1,
y has a minimun, value of 1%
and x
-7 has a maximum
1 value of g
Exercise 9
Ans,
1. Pifferentiate the followi
with respect to x:
{༢} ✖༼ ༥
(b) Let y
-tun-cosa
(h)
=
dx
=(\anx} +
tang (1.
faux.
d
(-xx)
*
( 1 − c u 6 x ) * • ~ c c * x
tals
2(1-coxx)*
casy(1-coxx)
201-cung)+(ai co
+
2ews"x(1~coxx)
2 (1-cus x)+(1-cos x) cura 2cos"x(1-cosx)"
3
ARS.
2
1 x
(c) x*sin(3x+x} (4)
ginx-cosSX
Given that y
=
the value of x
six, find
x
+25
3. !£ x2+y'-\u{xy"+x^y)
show that
2
dy
=
&y +2uxy-x
axaxy-y"
4.(a) Find the maximum and
minimum values of the
expression
4x-3
2 x+1
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve
4x-3
+1
at the point at
which it crosses the y-axis.
5. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the ellipse x2-3y2
2
= 2n
at
(c) 2x2+3xy-y ̈+us-by-5
0
the point (a,
Differentinte with