育教僑華頁三第張九第 日六十月九年未己曆夏
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
中國文學
明德出版社。
黎曉明 【售帧珍 P 短歌行、七哀詩 甲)建安文學、
(六)
只提供資料
曹操王粲
·建安棒東漢末年献帝的年號,起自公元一九六年
,止於二二〇年,建安時代,是中國文學史上 個重要的時代。在時間上也不是局限在此二十五 年,它李娜包括曹魏五初,太和的一段時間。這 是一個作家輩出的時代:劉文心雕瘫時靠季
「自献帝機過,文學轉,黏安之末,區字方 輯。德武以相王之象,雅愛詩章,文帝以者 之旅。妙書辭職,陳思以公子之妾,下班 ,并體競英逸,故之泰然。仲您委質於漢南 2孔國際於河北,偉長從宦於考上,公琳徇 質於臨限,微璉綜其斐然之思,元瑜展共 之樂,文蔚體偽之傳,于叔,德祖之侶。敬 雅集豆之前,推容衽席之上,酒等以成酣歌, 和羅以笑,眼貨時文,雅好健康,其由常 職亂離,風表俗怨,共志深而軍長,故梗概 ;多氣也。」此
可見當時文壇的盛况,最爲人稱道的是曹操、曹 丕、曹植三父子和起安七子,孔、陳琳 粲、徐幹、阮瑀、悪扇和翻啦。
森安文學的特質是什麼呢?為之盡稱的「建安感
可說是過時期文學的精神。
文心雞龍風首集點:
「招慢進情。必始乎風;沈吟舖辭,真先於骨
WAH KIU YAT PO
心離寵札記話:「風即交感,即交辭。」 建安交舉求願骨,就是作品的思想內容與藝術 形式的洲和與结合,曹楣正是其中最突出的作家
吳運檁詩品數:
「翻陳思王植,其出於國風,骨氣夯曲、詞 朱華茂,侑倫雅怨。體被女質,榮在古今,成 爾之齡。」
建安文學成就最突出的詩歌,建記詩人迎肘樂 有古來鳥新的時代內容,富有圍新精神,會 操的「能關山」,「秋甜行」,曹丕的「大楼上 蓄行」,曹格的「名都篤」等,都是傑作。
·蕴安持人大量吸取民間詩歌的優點,又受樂府 玄學的影响,卽使無五言詩,邊是保存了榮府 裙高兴的精神,雖然篇帳往往胶是文字機或率: 美。建安時代,五言詩密成了當代詩人的主學
形式、文心雕酸明詩篇說:
「管理安之初,五含聲爾,交帝患,於雜理 離;王徐感劃,望路而爭響,並憐滿月,獅 池苑,述思榮,叙醋宴,慷慨以任氣,落珠 使才;雖讓指窿,不永騰密之内,驅逐
裴取昭浙之態,此找同也。」
通過建安時人大量運用五宮時體,才奠定了我對 詩同的基礎,成爲我國古典詩歌主要形式 。 ̇迷去文學對後代文學的發展有重憾的影响,能
下降及稳安,曹公父子,寫好斯女,平噮兄弟 ,鬱寫文棟;劉柏、王榮、能其羽舞。次有 翻記鳳,自于屬寧者,並將百計。彬彬之道 ,大備于游矣!爾後陸運案盛,迄于有答。 康中,三張二號兩澤一左,畅酥復興,邀我前 主風流未味,亦文章之中興進。小
·是期魏晉六朝時代的重要作家,莫不受建在文學 纳影。建安國脅,尤成為後代文人學習的典範
古代是我國文學史上詩歌露發達的時代,應代: 诗人数建安文學有極高的評價。唐裡陳子是ㄧˋ
「自從建案來,給雙不足珍
「文章游鄉五百年突,漢魏風骨,晉未翼傳。」
大詩人李白出
可見建快文學展篇後代女人所禑類:建安歌成 ......了後代詩人學習的典範。它的影响是漲躍的。
「弒智端皮,則文骨成焉;意氣輭爽,用文笺「乙)短歌行
可陳述其情是風,赫叙其辭是骨。近人佩交
曹操(公司一
二二○),字孟德,漢
region.
1980
Conglomerate
a: Minerals and Texture
中學會考試題預習專欄
地
理
(六)
Coarse ground
mass:
明德出版社李婉儀提供資料
GEOGRAPHY (6)
Y.Y. Lee
(Mill & Dale Press L
Revisional Questions:
11. Granite and conglomerate
are two rocks found in:
Hong Kong.
For each answer the following:
a. Describe a local hand
specimen of the rock particularly its texture and minerals. Explain its mode u formation.
Describe briefly the: landscape it usually
produces in Hong Kong and
name an area in Hong Kong where an example is found.
Suggested Answers:
11. Granite.
a. Minerals and Texture
Biotite
-Glassy.
Quartz
Quartz: pebbles:
HAND SPECIMEN OF A TYPICAL CONGLOMERATE - Conglomerate is coarsed grained. It consists f rounded pebbles which are cemented together by finer materials, in a red or brown groundmass.
b. Mode of Furmation
It is a type of
furmed sedimennically.
rock, for
formed along the former sea coast. It is. resulted from the: position of materials derived from the weathering and erosion of other rucks. c. Landscapes:
Conglomerate is usually. resistant and therefore forms a cap rock to ridges e.g.the Pat Sin Range.
Feldspar
12
HAND SPECIMEN OF
A GRANITE
Granite is mainly composed of quartz, which is glassy or white in colour. feldspar (orthoclase), which is white or pink in colour; and. biotite, which is black in colour. Granite is a kind of medium granined rock, with crystals around 1-3mm in size.
b. Mode of Formation
Granite if a kind of plutonic igneous rock which is formed by the sulidification of magma when it is cooled: It usually úccurs in large masses ur batholiths, at a great distance below the surface. When the overlying rucks have been eruded, granite exposes on the surface. c. Landscapes
_Under the humid and hot climate in Hong Kong, granite is a kind of weak rock which weathers very easily, so it always forms lowlands ur low hill, below 300M., e、g. the Castle Peak Hills, the range of hills to the nurth of Kowloon and N Lantau. Sometimes, serious erosion acts on granite and badland is furmed, The surface is bare uf any vegetation cover, such as in the Castle Peak
vucation:
Average
July To
Annual
RainfallTM
msm.
Rainfall
May-Sept)
A 31
B20°C
C 20°C
2000
500. 500
Rick F
Types.
650|Shale
320 | Porphyry 160 |Granite
D 31 C 2000 1600 Rhyolite E 31°C 2000 1600 Granite
The above table shows the climatic data and rock types uf 5 different
locations. Which one do you think experiences the most active chemical weathering? Give reasons to support
your answer.
Suggested. Answers:
12.
* The granite found at lucation E experiences the
must active chemical: weathering..
The rate of chemical weathering is determined not only by the resistance of ruck but also by temperatures, amount of: rainfall and distribution of
rainfall.
Chemical weathering takes place must rapidly in regions uf humid climates climates, with high temperatures, ur regions: where the rainfall is highly irregular. The high
temperature (31°C in July), heavy annual: rainfall (2000 mm)with a great concenTM tration in summer (1600 mm)at location E thus favour chemical weathering.
報日僑
末闖證輸入。他的祖父曹,是桓帝時人, 官至中常侍,大長秋,封費亭侯。父親曾話, 盛曹騰的養子,宜至太尉,曹操不但是東漢末 的重要政治人物,也是装出的辉犬。他和兒子 曾不和曹植,被稱「三會」。
漢雄帝其平三年,曹換二十歲,受推荐以「 原上人仕,薇市作亂時,他以監都尉的軍營, 在黃河以北潁川一帶經壓。
漢藏苗初年,關東州郡起兵討蜇卓、曹操招募驃 了五千人島,加入討前卓的躁伍去。後來又收 梅州五门三十餘萬,選拔其精銳,號為「 趙搬疾,從此,曹操就有了創平割據勢力, 逐步進行統一一工作的基本力录。
建安元年(公元一九六年),曹操迎敵漢软带 由洛陷淫您於蒜(今河南許昌》消減了北 方最大的割据勢力真紹之後,他卻以「相主之 像」、「秋天子以令諸諸侯」了。建安二十五 年,曹操病死洛陽,卒年大十六歲,同年, 王繼位,廢漢献帝僑山陽公,建立,追諡會 機爲魏武帝,嫁嫌太祖。
曹操的詩歌流傳下來的国二十疎览,都是樂腭, 歌辭。內容有描惠成馬往發:行軍生活,也有 他于爱他求贤若渴寧心思的。他的將氣魄去大 *節秦鮮明,有獨特的風格 繩解和主旨
四期
2日五十月一十年九七九一年八十六國民華中
取塑噍前熞词,實含有全球的意思,表示了自 己渴望幟遇督才。由於作詩的時期,已難確考 “所以,中所說:「載譙,心念舊感。 丁作者所思念的驚人,是否有肯定的人呢?世 燒不能得知了。詩的最後四句是全滿主旨: 山不厭高,海不厭深,周公什哺,天下歸心。 上表示線周公「一眅三小哨」那樣做心地對 特驚人,以索取天下人更心的挪觀。
內容分析 單時可分四段
「第一節是「對酒」以下八句,作者感慨時光易
逝,人生如期齡,佳借酒解。
第二節由「青子衿」至「豉瑟吹笙」,嵩 思念賢才的心鐡,綠而引用討镪↑呦呦鹿鳴」
*表示淋望遇賢者。
第三節由「明明如月」「右念美恩」,進一 注明自己水蛋不得的憂慮;审和一鵯我出版 對方久別鎮藥,思念襲日能誼,必然推心置腹 最後一番說明如為之擇木,賢才何處所歸香 外是希望對方異自己共建功業;而自己必定以 「周公吐哺」之心對待有才識的人,使全國的 人都其心時服。
作者在本蒔製抒發了求賢若渴的思想情感。曹 操的詩,在使是比較消極的語氣,還是見出他 那啤宏大的氣魄,鮮明的節奏的
作者
「短歌行,是樂府變歌,屬相和歌干跳曲,所
「每」,可能是指歌聲長而言。古時有句(丙)七哀詩 CT是歌正激烈」,甚丕「燕永行」有說:「 :短吟微吟不能症」,傅玄艶银行說:广咄來長 歌續證歌」,所以「提歌」,「短歌「大抵歌
曹操「短踐行」,樂府詩集載二首,這是其中 一首。本詩先感萩時光易逝,繼而抒寫求賢若
渴的心情,最後認出自己的雄心大志。 陳流下游比與簿」說:「此時即興高大風識 恩猛士之旨也。人生襲發端,蓋傳所謂古之 王者知隱命之不長,故並建型皙,以賠後翩、 次兩列管衿,鹿鳴二時,一則求之不得,而沈 吟愛烕:一則決之既得,而笙餐璃壁。雖然 為雨排木,不过能排為?天下三分,士不北走 * 前南馺耳。分奔蜀、臭、栖息未定,若非吐 喃折節,何以來之?山不獸士,故能成其高 海不断水,故能成其深;王者不願士,故天下
本詩正是表示作者求賢若滿的心意。詩中所飾
"The rapid rate of
chemical weathering at
lucation E also aided by the
non-resistance nature of granite, Amongst the four different types of rocks, granite is the one that is the most susceptible tu chemical weathering. It is relatively less resistant under the above climatic condition.
Owing to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall, chemical process: such as hydration hydrolysis, carbonation and oxidation take place in the rock. These are not only on the surface as rain; water penetrates well below the surface along joints and cracks. Granite vis a kind of well-jointed,
迎
coarsed grained crystalline rock compused of mica, feldspar and quartz. The mica weathers the fastest and in doing so produces iron oxide. The feldspar decom puses slowly, and it combines with water to form
a fine clay, sometimes known as kaolin. Following decomposition, the resultant clay is washed out
and the rock structure is weakened, Coupled with this there is a considerable breakdown of the resistant: silica or quartz. This can be partly explained by the periodic rains, followed by a rapid dessication of the rock which results from high insulation, As a result of the stresses and a strains caused by these chemical actions the granite decays and breaks up.
For location D, although the climatic condition is the "same, rhyolite, a kind of
fine grained volcanic ruck, is much mure resistant than granite.
For location A, despite the nun-resistant nature uf shale and the hot summer, the dry condition in that season does not favour active chemical weathering.
For both B and C, temperatures are cuol,
annual rainfall is moderate and summer rainfall is scanty, such a climatic condition dues not favour rapid chemical weathering:
心
生物
(六)
明德出版社梁永華提供資料 BIOLOGY (6)
WW, Leung:~/
Hill & Dale Press Ltd.)
Unit 4: Water and organiamn
王条(一七二一七),字仲宣,澳末山 高华人。他的甘肅和通父,都是漢代的三 公;父親是大牌雖何進的長史。王在少年待 代,便有文名,寫文登可一揮而就,賺翻到能 「避記版識」,時的交後要人蔡邕很器重他 ,在賓客亲坐的塊面度,只 只要照得王粲前來 亦了但是迎之上。令人對擅
在地之令人對溫個貌贌體弱的少年
疾病需翻譯期間,長安大亂,王築避亂往H
·倚靠體表,如表見王網貌專妮甜, 敌不子重 裉。劉表死後,曹操在大軍南下,来釀 表的兒子——翻踪,向曹操投降。從此王桑便 依附在曹操手下。他作過丞相接,筆碟 侍中等箍。建安二十一年,曹操李佩南征採帶 ∵三氣隨軍南下,第一年在途中病死,年四十
王粲的詩,招調較悲凉,但較能深刻地反映當 時社會的亂和人民的困苦。在「越安七子」 中成就最高。今傳「王侍中集」輯本一位。
1. The following diagram shows
the internal structure of
part of the mammalian
kidney.
from re
ar
capillary network
fluid
Name the structure X and Y.
(b) Name and explain the
process by which water and dissolved
substances in X tends to pass into the capi like structure Y.
(c) (1) Name the fluid Z
in:the diagram. (2) What is the main
-nitrogenous. waste
in the fluid Z?
(3) Where and how is
this nitrogenDOUB:
waste produced..
(d) (1) Give.three
-auhstances which
are: present in fluid Z but absent in urined.
(2) What bas happened
to these substances. originally present in fluid Z”. 2. The diagram below shows a
bubble petometer,
funnel A
-leafy twig
air bubble
water
(a) What is the purpose of
this experiment?
(b) What assumption is
taken in the design of this.experiment? (c) What is the function
of funnel A? (d) Suggest: 3 precauations
taken in doing this experiment.
(e) (1) Suggest 3 external.
factors which "may affect the movement. of the air bubble
ANSWELS
(2) What are the
aignificances of
water loss to green plants?
1. (a) X: glomerular capillary
Y: Bowmanta capaule.
(b) Ultrafiltration.
Since the diameter of
(二)關晖和主旨:
「吳說「樂府占題與解」說:「七跳起於漢米。 刂會練、茶、阮瑀、張城等人都有七託法 可能是仿樂府歌辦之作。曹植七哀詩下是向
,耳目既見面袞,口沝而發,鼻酸而發。」大 ̇抵都是指對手們目睹的事情,心之所思的定傷
王榮「七歲」有三首,並非同時所作,本篇
其首寫亂雛中所見,是一幅雄民 東漢初平元年(公元一九〇年,闔扉挑持黻| 帝到長安,關進州郡以要招爲盟主,起兵 虞。初平三年,李部哲李佛、郭汜等在長安 作亂,還也就是作者貌「西亂無療,野虎方 遊粥」的原故。逾時是主粲往州避亂,初離 長安時作的。作者記述他常下判葉時在路上的
·所見所聞,反映了亂離時期中老百姓所受的苦 ∵∵醒,最後而有「活彼下泉入,喟然偏心」的 :領悟和慈歉。
(三)内容分析
第一節是全詩首六句,必詩的開端,作者自述 南下判聲的原因及親朋的惜別情形。這幾句。 也提示了下文要描寫現靈離情况的背景
「遁京氣無象,豺虎方歳慮」
第二節由「出門無所見」,至不足臨此 是描述地白愛,婦人葉子,生離死別的儚療 >還是全詢集中描寫的科宋部份,是一媚粉 的難民圖。
第三節是全持粒米山旬,作著在瞓緒疎魄爲心 的接象後,路過嬲,不禁莲生感慨。......... 本特寫出了澳末在州牧割据的進年混戰下,淄 受殺藏和胞受讯饿的人民的慘療。曹操「海量 行」也有:「白管蹿於野,千里無购%」的情 形,本諍史以婦人在亂蹤之際,乘子求生,今 人權不犯味。這種寫實的情,是建安文學: 受樂府的傳統,吸收了民歌的特質的表現。
本期習作:
(一)遞建安文學的特色。
金考甲部作答。
(二)試進曹操時的風格及短歌引的主旨。
參考(乙)(一)及(二)作客。 (三)試述王祭七宾詩的寫作背景及主管。
台灣內(二)作答...
the afferent arteriole is greater than that
of the efferent,
arteriole, a high
bláod pressure is
developed inside the capillary. This pressure forces water and dissolved
substances to pass through the thin? capillary and Bewman's capaule wall into the cavity of the capsule.
Glomerular filtrate
Urea
Urea is formed in the liver by the deamination of excess amino acids. (d) (1) Glucose, amino
acids, and fatty acids.
(2) They have been
reabsorbed by the wall of the uriniferous tubule into the
aurrounding blood capillaries.
2.(a) To measure the rate:of
transpiration of the leafy twig-
(b) The assumption is that
the rate of water uptake by the leafy.twig. measured by the
potometer is the same as the rate of water 1088 (transpiration). by the leafy twig.
(c) To, reset the air hubble:
to zero point for the next experiment.
(d) 3 precautions:
1. The leafy twig must
be cut under water to prevent any air bubble from getting into the xylem vessels..
There must be no air-lock in the system:
The leafy twig:should be
- fitted into the apparatus under water.
All the joints of the apparatus should be sealed with vaseline in order that no air can get into it.
(e) (1) Air temperature
air humidity and air movement
(wind).
(2) The significances
are:
1. It provides a
cooling effect to dissipate the sun-energy and keeps the planta from being over~ heated.
It permits rapid translocation of water and
dissolved minerals.
Page 35Page 36
30