育教僑華:頁一第張七第日三廿月正年未己曆変
1979
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歷
史(十九)
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HISTORY (19)
BEGINNING OF THE MEIJI
MODERNIZATION
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑
country at large, which therefore stipends (salary), and although
precluded the new government
from collecting all the national
taxes --- as a result, money
for modernization was lacking. The solution to all these problems was the abolition of feudalism by 1871 and the building of a centralized, bureau- cratic state structure in replace- ment of it. Thus in that year clan governments of the past (han) were dissolved. The":
The decision made by the meiji daimyo (feudal lords) received
leaders to modernize Japan was
made easy by two facts: first, they enjoyed relatively strong unity, which therefore
minimized any harmful effects of policy disagreement; secondly, their aim was clear enough defence of Japan against Western imperialism.
But the new government in 1833 was far from a strong, centralized one. It was therefore Incapable of effectively moderni- zing Japan even with the will and intention too. Consequently it had to be strongthened first.
Because politically feudalism
sall prevailed in Japan, the new
government at Tokyo had not
complete control over the
1979
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1/10 of their original income From now on; that's why the daimyo put up no resistance to this government measure, since their economic well-being was equal to, if not better than, before. As class wère all cancelled, the central govern- ment divided the country into prefectures (modernized administrative units), where centrally appointed officials ruled with central orders
Socially, the samurai (knights) lost their social status. As we have discussed last time, many of the samurai were discontent- ed; some even rebelled.
Fortunately, the government paid these poor samurai monthly
-(1-1)2+1
The minimum value of
~(x-1)2 is 0, therefore
the minimum value of y is 1. (Ans.)
(d) y=-x+4 should be dra
From the graph,
(=+)
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MODERN MATHEMATICS (20)
Suggested solutions to
11.
**2 or x=-1. (Ans.)
Since sine and co
Test Seven cout
the amount was small (inade- quate for a living), it was at least something. With no social function, the samurai might cause trouble. Thus the government tried to help the samurai in becoming peaceful citizens. The key word here is of course 'citizen', the samurai could not expect to rule the commoners, they were commoners themselves now. Permission was given to the samurai to enter other occupations (before 1868 prohi- bited) like farining and commerce. In addition, the Meiji police force recruited most of its members from former samurai. In 1876, in order to cut itself from any more obligation of supporting the old ruling classes financially, the new government changed the. payments to the daimyo and samurai into lump sums paid. once and for all. More discon- tent among the samurai was elicited, but the Meiji state' succeeded in standing on its own nevertheless/
As in accordance with the aim of enlarging its taxation bases, the Meiji government, mean- while, introduced a new land tax
12. Since HK KC, HK / AB
EM NG KHO therefore, kUK-AN
(1) KC→ JIC – HK (Ans.)
BC
ACAD
*KI
(NC – KI)
(HC + HK) (Ans.)
-期星
system. This was in 1873. An official announcement was made that all land-owners had to pay a!
yearly tax of 3% of the land value, Peasants did not welcome this law, for in times of bad harvest a fixed tax rate (before it varied with the harvest) would be a burden.
To the
日九十月二年九七九一歴公年八十六國民载中
restrictions made possible the rise of a large, mobile labour. force to push forward industri- alization. Internal trade was facilitated, as internal feudal trade barriers were smashed. Even the payments to the daimyo, and samurai proved to be beneficial to economic growth; much of this money went into the investments of new economic enterprises that the government was developing.
central
government, the new
land taxation enabled planning of state income, which therefore enabled planning of moderniza- tion itself.
All such measures of centra lization were not without, problems. Samurai rebellions, peasant riots, and rampant inflation were prominent examples. But the advantages that the state centralization brought were indeed many and long-term, First and foremost, national unity was better strengthened when clans broke
down.
The modern state structure became a point at which nationalist feeling was directed. Socially the liberation of the commoners from feudal
the tiger vill not be
vounded
the probability that
arrow hits the tiger
The probability that
the tiger is wounded
Such was the ground-work of all the Meiji changes, the basis on which subsequent modernizā-- tion programs were built. For a more detailed and substantial point-form analysis of the strategy of modernization, yon can consult my newly published book
Modern East Asian History 1870-1952: a comprehensive analysis
by Philip Y. L. Woo (published by Summerson Eastern Publishers, 1979). In that book, some diagrams and charts for easy memorization of facts and points are provided. They are a kind of visual aid, and hope you will find them useful.
HB
√243
9/3
AB = 2MB
18/3 (Ans) (or - 31.18) (iv) Slope of OM
are the roots of the
question 3x.
<+k=0
Therefore,
the products of roots
(sin@)(cose)
sin@cose
the sum of roots
(11) KC
BC
(HC – HK) •k(RC+l!K)
HK-HC-
[HK]
Slope of AB
2101 (Anw.)
3125
The probability
getting NO *6* in throwing 3 dico
The equation of AB
(a) (a,1) € £
1-a 28-
(a−1)2
(b) (0,b)
b=02-2(0)+2
b-2 (Ans.)
(c) From the graph, the
OR
ninimum value of f
(Ans.)
sine+cose
sine+cose
...(2)
sin 0.cos 0.28in@cas©»
1+2sinecose-
2sinecose-
in@cos
and (3),
k = f (ans)
.(3)
(b) Let the required
equation be x +px、
q=product of roots
→(tanë)(-
tang
pwaun or roots
tano.
tane
sine coa cose sine.
sin B+cos
šinücos✪
The equation is
KC BC (Ans.)
13. Let $x be the annual
instalment.
At the end of the first
year, he owed
(5000(1.03)
At the end of the second,
year, he owed.
5000[(1.03) − x] (1,03)− × At the end of the third
year, he owed
{5000|(1,03) – x}(1.03) −2}
(1.03) - x
-5000(1.03)3 ~ (1,03) x.
(1.03)x-
Since he has to pay back
in 3 annual instalments.
5000(1.03)3 - (1.03)2x
(1.03)x− x = 0 5000(1.03)3× (1.03)2x+
(1.03)
5463.64 = 3.0909x
*- 1767-7
(Ans.) instalment
The quired probability
216 (Ans.)
(1) The centre of the
circle x + y = 277
is (0,0) (Ans.) (ii) The radius of th
circle
16.64
(Ang.)
(*ii):
·0(0,0)
(5.5)
As shown in the diagram,
let the required chord be AB, the mid-point (3,5)
be M and 0 be the contre
of the circle
0μ= √(3-0)2+
√34
Ans: The annual
18 81767
277-34
7x -18x+7= 0 (Ans.)
14.
The probab
ability that
P. 243
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(5-0)2
3x+5y-
16. Let the number of
required be
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The first
a 16
The common rat
(Ans.)
of the G.
of the
The sum of first 'n teras
of the G.P.
s(n). (1- r")
16[1-()"
1-1
64 [1-())> 63.99
k- 64(-)" > 63.99
0.01
20:01
log64+ ulog(†) < log0.01
(1,8062) + n(-0,6021) < -2
-0,60218 4 -3.8062
0.6021n > 3.8962
n> 6.32
at least 7 terns must
be taken from
the series.
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