頁四第張八第 日七初月正年未己居夏
報日僑華
WAH KIU YAT PO
government en financial
1979
and monetary policies
Carry out monetary policy
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟
(十七)”
明德出版社孔璇盧榮俊古嘉利提供資料
Beenomica (17)
Money and banking.
Central banks and commercial.
banka their functiona and facilities
I. The functions of a central
bank
A central bank is bank of government. 正
set up by the government
and is net profit-maki The implementation of policies in a central bank is directly contrelled by government. Usually, a
central bank in the nation- alized institution which work with the government te carry out the menetary pelicy and to promote the economic development of the country. It's functions can be summarized as follows:
1. to issue legal tender
Currencies, including banknotes and coins, are issued by the central bank under the supervision of. government. Since the amount of circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the econeny, government in responsible für adjusting the amount of legal tender issued by the central bank.
In a complex monetary economy, money serves as
dynamic role in addition te heing a medium of ex- change. Government may regulate the level of money and liquidity in the economy so as to achieve sone desired policy. objectives such as the control of inflation, the "growth
in the Gross Natie National Product and the improvement of balance payments.
be the bank of govern- ment
Government revenue are usually stored in the central bank, and the public expenditure and
payments are done through
it. A central bank usually keeps the accounts of the government departments.
3. to be the adviser of
.上時代的公共墍頓。
在過去幾年來,駭邸也會進行幾乎小親親 意,邨旁設有巴士總站,有巴士往紅磡火車站 樂富邨首爾的交通情况,只可說是差強人
幸在逐淵改善:在谁鱈
面目一訢,成爲一個追
·計劃之下,該邮將來會
樂富地鐵車站之上
黑道巴士線。將來地狴
-鏕碼頭及蒲飛路
道獨立於東九龍的
在恰安方面,一般
楊式公共邨,原本是
一個木扇區,一九五五 年十一月七日發生大火,
建商塲及住宅樓宇
,並容納附近黃大仙區清拆木屋的居民。以
·容納約三萬五千人的新區,用作安薇火災災民 與及將缺乏獨立說的單位改建號大,加殷衛 了戶外照明設備,有幾座樓宇天√已安裝了: 生龍備等。我邨的第十六、十九、廿一、廿二 光燈。.
一座至第十二座屬於第一型樓宇,一九五七年了獨立設權,如水喉、厨房、厕所等;
全部落成。织前由二十三座樓宇籃成,其中第七尺第九坐,業已進行改建,將居室鑽大,加..., 盛開,共分三個階段進行,至一九六三年十月 宅單位,且受到居民管服效適。此外,邨內第,整批設備可說是十分-
足的。
舞來大度的工程,於一九五六年八月正式,十三座的天育校舍,有幾區已成功改建成談劉療設備,由於佛敦裔院就在邨旁,
模,政府乃定下計劃,將之重新發展成一個可的改會工程。這包括將天合空置校舍改住宅, 導,爲了防止靜案發生,邨內黑暗地力已加强
難期望十分良好,不過 ,有關方面不斷設法改
曾心 由於洪境複雜,實
()
The centre) bank acts as the advisor of government in all the natters about monetary and banking policies. The central bank
may has a effective management: team giving relevant information and suggestions- to government so as to
solve any economic problems and to help the economic development.
to keep the cash reserves of private banks
It is a law that all the private banking. institutions must deposit
part of their cash reserves in the central bank. Accordingly, the central bank centralizes the cash reserves to protect the security and control the liquidity of the whole banking system,
Whenever there
is necessary for the. private banks to borrow Seme money, the central bank will back them up by lending them cash funda. If there is any financial crisis accurred in a private bank, the central bank is responsible for supporting it as far as possible in order that national economic. stability can maintained.
to be a bank of central chearance aettlement and transfer
The central bank is the bankers' bank. It provides the facilities of clearance of cheques and the transfer of funde between banks, It is the place for the banks to clear their cheques received from their customers and drawn apen ether | banks. In such a case, mutual indebtedness: between the member bankn may be can celled and the amount swned to any banks would be calculated.
te superviae: the operationa ef private banks
-central bank takea: the responsibility to help the government to carry out the banking laws and
to watch and direct the
work done by private banka.
相年
可初:
设
趾會福利醒,新生」
·精神康復會及獒在西
The central bank controls the note issue accepts deposits from and makea leans to the
commercial banks and money market in auch way that it handles the. main tool of menetary policy in a country.
For
instances, inflation can be tackled by the monetary authority through control of the quantity of money which is circulating.
ich is ci In addition, goverment can change the reserve ratio of the private banka or change the discount rate and the rate of by adjusting erdinances so achieve the goals of monetary policy.
kuterest
nete
banking
to keep gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves of the country
In order to main- taïn the stability of the external value of the national currency system," the central bank keeps the gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves to undertake the open market operation by law of exchange control.
10.to offer facilities
customers' as bank,does
Commercial
The central bank also provides the general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, leans and advances, remittance and other services.
II.The function and facilities
commercial banka
provided
A commercial bank is a profit-making firm operated by private indivi
It is established - for the purpose of seeking profita by way of offering. various banking services, Banking laws and ordinances are set up to regulate the working targets of all cemmercial banka.
The commercial banks operate branches and directly deal with individual customers.
They are operated under
棒
发處
墨客的
效噬
六期星
日三月二年九七九一展公年八十六國民華中息消邨新育教
the supervision of govern- ment or central bank and
play an active economic
role. Their functions.
can be summarized as follows:
to keep money for customers
Commercial banks provide the services that saving deposits, fixed deposits and demand deposits are accepted. Different rates of interest are applied to various deposits together with the different ways of withdrawing money.
2. to lend money to customers
Loans and
advances are.granted te commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest. on one hand and promote the industrial and commercial development on the other. The loans and advances include short- term and long-term loans, advances, overdrafts and discount bill of exchange. Government play the supervisory role to cover all deposit taking institutions.
3. to create bank credit
無建然客六期只負稱,的
* Either a central bank or a commercial bank can bring about an increase of equal amount in bank deposits. In other worda, when a bank makes
advance to a customer whether by overdraft or loan account the reault is an increase in total. purchasing power.
For example, if
a borrower has only a small balance to the credit of his account and be obtains an overdraft of $500. He. can draw a cheque for this account and pay it to the creditori If the creditor deposit it into his own account, the creditor's account will have increased- by $500. In this case, the borrower'a account can only show a debit for this
the combined.
account. MA "banks' balance sheet, advances and deposits will both have increased by $500
If there is any monetary discrepancy happened; the central.bank should have the pewer to contral the expansion of bank eredit,
to offer the service, of remittance
Remittance means that the money is trapa- ferred from one place to another.: Imagine that you want to sent HK$100 to
共辦方曾須押公證出管路房
李质:費繳在許
*個特邨蘇茗港阻
荘車別內至幣佈
浮筏出訪日樓
1六駛
新鲜
̇
淼淼絕邨房屋事務經理郭張無表示:爲了:
·智費,甚至亦可能被獄五百元。
·須繳交港幣八十元拖准变,及每日廿元的車輪扣
押在九龍何文田房屋署的汽車扣留中心,車主湛
公共融邨之內,非法停泊之車轍,可被無走及扣
·經許可的車輛,如無特別氆由,將被禁止入各
扣必扣
時的話,
則上不件超過六十分鐘,但假如有需要像价延
上述規定,刻創其他邨民親友的均利,則會被說
·她又辉:假如訪客車主無必要而又有意邀区 據悉該停車處免費提供服務的。; 本處既守規則,盡發避免因延時而敦削其他邨民 此,盡緻希望無必要延時的別名東主,遵守邨拳 些訪客車關畢業有限,一共只得十九個車位,故
·在葵盛西邨居民激烈反對下
金;協理論金等。
假鑑於此,特在葵涌光盘 一樓,開設望市紙事 髙管理處收支分處,方
: 最近,有關當局有
市過去书于中,該區、 水務局擞,多不便
雜技等費用時,必須 球员,裁判署或港島
*金,箜前物業稅,政府 夜校學費,交通違例向
居民繳交水費,水在按
之苦,可直接在該區內
時至上午十一時卅分:星期日及公衆假期休息。 九時至一称,下午二時至四時,星期六假上午九
·辦公時間:逢星期一至星期五,每日上午 丁處理上述各項收費之外,並辦瑚派發公共援助
行秘書罈太日前對記者
,由於融分處之設立,会該區洛民方便不已。
表示:段會龔居民會談 黄
龍傑本港石硤尾邨,是一條難以通過
不見天日的道路 的道路。 密緋列,並用碎鬣鍵泻上漆。所不同者,該段路面是附近各座邨民來往 一條通道之內,至今日有廿多年曆史,類似黃大仙食祿街的新市市,攤檔 一個臨時街市位於石硤尾邨第七、第九座與第八、第十座之間相對的
十月初投入服務,但該 一見所,該托兒所於去年6..
一年初建築完成,居民已際工堀,殺在康復中 座樓宇地下另有九個單,於去年初向有關方就沿一新生花神啜復會盈 一個可容納一百人的紙」都能得到庇終之環境,四月開始,曾数度洽商 |邨內第十座地下鋪位設|者一個對「身」與「心 | 南宇居民代表於去年 一相入秋,保良局也在之精神病者精神病,新生精神康復會及該 該會對上述計商日内的戀曲 5 畫”,但至於租方仍未有解
預留的福利單位仍然 問題至今仍未解决,故一予新生精神康復會使用一將會傷書到樓宇內居民 ‘神康復庇護工塲的有關]然署亦已把上述單位給神病者若精神病發作,
·襲盤宇於一九七七 在單位設立一個護工場,
彰邨第十座設立新生精作爲社區福利用途,而座樓宇部份居民 第十座居民代表對於在一單位已交由融會福利署 單位給該會使用,但該 西第十座地下九個 爭发示:
商,雖然裘證司署將獎
是否設立仍未決定 精神病者庇護工場 石歐尾下部之内 第十座九個單位仍空置 的創造而非可讀取術家都的周路。(黃)
·新生精神康復會計,對該會在該單位設立廂 我:社會福利署
袋
前,該感有一個霸霸,目前大約有三萬人左右。
·魏徵快樂富庶之意,以第二樓字,於一九六二年入伙,該郁之居民
: 的名字,稱之爲「老龙 在角戲會的普邶重建計劃中,樂富邨
·:樂富邨的名字,是 開始入伙;至於第十三座至第十三座,则霋於
第二條安大仙尙微微,出現在九
, 更具體的重建工程,則翼在今年稍後才
事實上: 改名之後,居民的生活潑, 於易名篇與「老虎」差不多音醤的「樂富、橫頭磡、東頤整個緻無盡眾進行。 岩」,由於名被不雅 - 僎局齿了居民意見,亦屬其中一個,該倻之聚集工瑾,將與大仙·富邨與檳頭你計劃的一部份。
外线
外來訪客您時停泊使用。影
根據本年一月一日起生效施的一九七九年5 出泊車證,拖走遠例泊車輛等。基於此,一切非序。〔黃 管理,包括可在恐內營童路劃定泊車位出程,規則執行,希望邨民合作,共同保持体内铁 路,一律劃假「乏管制遣路」,有聲習獲授全福,應,就只有抗步實施,若干時間之後,才选格衒(二)對己及他人均不坐了解。[范) 毎屋(交通)附例,全港各公共及邨內之所有道 ̇正在趕工興建,同時又恐防峰時來即時習慣遇 癘當控制的特种病者,到工塔參戰一次以作初 該邨辦事處帶別關出「凡間訪客泊車處」,以供.面在指定時間外,「日間訪客泊車處」之承位, 最後會表示,由於目前該櫛入口處的隔 间穿將如其他車位一樣,出租予號鄠內居民家用
|
葵涌
- 私人樓宇的居民,今後
內蘊用機
分管事市設
處理
涌 |務|鎭立
利便感咸費繳民市內區
your friend living in United States, you can
ask for the help of the
Remittance Department in
any commercial bank.
First of all, the, Outward Remittance Department would calculate: how many US dollars your 100. HK dollars will buy on the foreign exchange market by referring to the day's exchange rate. If the rate ia HK$5 for US$1,
your
HK$100 will buy US$20.
tokive you a bankdraft for
Therefore the bank wij, N
US$20. Next, you can use a mail transfer.' That:ia to say, the bank senda en airmail instruction to its branch in United States to authorize the branch to pay your friend the sum of
If it is the money..
very. urgent for you to send the amount of money, you can make use of the telegraph:
transfer although it would be more expensive.
te offer import and export facilities
A
Commercial banks offer special service called documentary credit. to help the promotion of business. It is the garantee given by a bank that its customer will pay for à shipment of goods if the correct: documents are supplied as evidence that the shipment has been made.
Furthermore, the credit line is the service provided to allow a company to receive goods before paying for them.
to provide other Miscellaneous services to the customers such as
keeping valuables for customers;
providing business. information and
guidance;
offering monthly instalment paynent leans;
helping clients in. taxation problems;
acting as the under- writers for nea stocks;
f) acting as the executors of will on behalf of
their clients;
issuing of credit carda; providing auto-pay facilities;
i) selling gift cheques,
設日間訪客泊車處 蘇屋邨方便外來客
房屋署獲授權管理屋邨道路後
新邳消息
無-
份理由逾時停泊罰五百元 闢出十九個車位限停泊一小時
大]]
處事辦邨東坑大
公辦邨山南遥已
事務,可直接在新辦公地址。(
大坑東邨屋署癫事處-現 ̧ ̧ 十二座對面,照常辦公+自 邨,南安樓地下,即大坑東邨第 十五日開始,正式過往財商南山 選 設於大坑東都第十座樓下的 南 大坑東邨房屋辦事處,已由一月 玉溪往南山邨兩安樓地下辦公。
介·每位中國者在未正 該會有明文的準則:
奉告 *
式申踏加入工作前杳須 病惰在減輕中剪得
可容納一晋四十人, 一期則先收六千人。 由負責人主診醫生或负 八個單位設立,倖工 雕由十六至六十歲者。 日在黄竹坑邨第十座的一傳染疾病者。八年 參加工场之人士,實個案之社會工作具
「至工傷,已於一月十三 身體傷殘者-(五)非 神康復會在港岛酸一定(四)無帮他人照顧之
的消息及有關稿慰無可一齊橘或危险者。 C C 另一方面,新生符(智商七十或以上)。 正常或接近正常智力者 參加的嶬钢者必需