HALL
WAH KIU YAT PO
of a nerve impulse ? a) (1) Name the lid in T.
(2) What are its probable
functions?
★教僑華頁三第張十第
1979
日五初月二十年午戊歷~
中學會考試題預習專欄
生
物品
(十三)
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BIOLOGY (13)
Unit 8: Co-ordinating systems
1.The following diagram shows
the locations of two endo- crine glands.
TSH
a) Name the endocrine glands
X and T.
b) (1) Name an element in the
diet, which is required by gland Y to produce | its secretion.
(2) What deficiency disease
Occurs in mas if his diet lacks this element?
c) TSH, a hormone produced
by gland I, can stimulate gland Y to produce its. secretion.
(1) How does TSH travel to
gland Y?
(2) Use gland X, TSH and
gland v to illustrate the feed-back system in endocrine control. a) state two other endocrine glands in the body, which are affected by the secre- tions of gland X-
The following graph shows. the approximate range of concentration for the pro- motion and inhibition of different plant organs of barley by auxins. The hori- zontal line marked zero indicates a point of neither inhibition nor promotion of growth.
Promo-
*tion of
growth
e) (1) Name the neurons A, B
and Co (2) What is the name for the
circuit formed by the
association of A, B and C?
3) What is the advantage of
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the brain and spial cord.
A: sensory neuron
Relay neuron.
B
Co Kotor neuron.
(2) The reflex arc.
(7) It gives fast reaction to..
external stimuli, natally keeping the body from harm.
this cirquit in the action 4 a) The reflex action. of the nervous systen?
The pinching action
b) The brain tissue of a frog was destroyed painlessly hy apply- ing a dissecting needle thro- ugh the neck into the brain rapidly. The frog was then placed in a flat position. When the large too was pinched with a pair of forcegs, the hind-limb would show a kicking
action.
a) What is this type of response
called?
b) Describe fully the events
which took place in the nervous system from the moment the frog's large toe was pinched until the kicking.
action took place.
c) Give an example of this tre of response performed by our eves and explain its import ance.
Answer: 1a) X:
Y:
Pit itary Thyroid
b) (1) Iodine. (2) Goitre.
C) (1) By blood-flow.
(2) The secretion of thyroxin from the thyroid gland is stimulated by TSH secrded from the pituitary. How- ever, the secretion of TS3 is in turn regulated by the thyroxin level in blood. An increase of thyroxin in blood will cause the pituitary to secret less TSH and this will ther reduce the activity of the thyroid gland, leading to a dror in thyroxin level. In. this case, the fact that the product can regulate its production shows a feed-back endocrine con trol
d): 1. Adrenal cortex.
The secretary cells in sex organs.
c) Stem: promotion.
Stems
Buds
2a) Roots. b) 10-9
tion of growth
Roots
Low
Inhibi
10 10 10 10 10 10- Concentration of Indole-3- Acetic Acid, Moles,
Which organ is most sensitive to auxins?
b) What is the best concentra- tion of aukins for the opti mum growth of buds?
(c) What result would you expect
for the growth of root and stem respectively if auxin concentration is 107molal?
Root inhibition.
地
理
activates
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GEOGRAPHY: (13).
Suggested answer to ques ti on 18:
18.
Hong Kong and Japan are now important industrial countries in Asia, Both of them experienced rapid indus- trial growth in the last 25 years. A comparison and contrast of the advantages and disadvantages the two countries posess can be made as follow:
Advantages:
1) Historical Factors
In Hong Kong, industrial developemnt was a totally ney phase of economy energed in the city since 1949. The turn was chiefly benefited" by the political changes in the surrounding areas, Before 1949, the economy of Hong Kong mainly relied on entrepot trade, in which, goods from and to China
at sector. composed the largest But the changes in China herself and the embargo on trade with China imposed by the western countries during the Korean War had led to a dramatic decrease in the import-export trade with China. It was becoming obvious that the colony could no longer rely on entrepot trade and had to develop a new type of productive activity to support the growing population. The solution turned out to be industrialization.
The case in Japan is quite a different one. Although rapid inuds trial growth is also a post-war phenemon, the country had already laid the basis for industrialization before the Second World War. This historical heritage,' which meant also accumulation of technical experience, of
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日三月一年九七九一屡公年八十六國民湖中
the U.K. and U.S.A. etc.,
port, importation of ran mat- erials from Mainland China as well as other countries is easy,
good start in industrialization! Yet, the wars in Korea and
Indo-China bave also helped
a lot because the U.S.A. government bought cheaper ammunition and other require- ment from Japan,
d) The stem would bend down erds.course promised the country a
It is because the concentra- tion of auxing would be much concentrated on the lower. side due to gravity. Accor ding to the graph, a higher concentration (i.e.greater than 10214) of auxin on lower side would cause this side to be less promoted in growth than the upper side, Therefore the stem would berd downwards.
Ba)
1. Responsible for reflex
action.
For the transmission of impulses to and from the brain.
b) X: nerve fibres of the
neurons.
a) If the concentration of auxins
in the stem is 10-2 molal, then placing the stem in a horizontal position in a dark box. What result would you expect with respect to the curvature of the stem after a few days? Explain it.
The following diagram repre- sents the transverse section of the spinal cord.
T
ceptor
Effector
a) Give two functions of the
spinal cord. ¿
Y: the cell bodies of the
neurons..
c)(1) Synapse.
2) Supply of Power Resources
Both Hong Kong and Japan are relatively poor in the supply of power resources for industrial development. In Hong Kong, no coal or petro- leum is found, and there is no swift-flowing and large river to produce H.E.P. Fortunately, the problem ona be easily alleviated by its being a route Locus in the world. Adequate coal, petro- leums and natural gas are sup- plied by ocean transport.
In Japan, the stock of
(2) In a synapse, nervous transmission can take place only in one direction,energy resources is also in
a large measure meagre. Among the three' common forms of -
Japan is also seriously short of industrial raw out- erials, but this does not cause great difficulty in her industrial development too. As it is not far from other Asiatic Co ntries which
always good raw material are
raw materials can suppliers, be easily obtained, e.g. rabber and tin from Malaysia, cotton from India and Pakis–
tans
4) Transportation System
The Victoria Harbour. is perhaps the greatest physical endowment of Hong Kong. It is an excellent natural har- bour: the water is deep, it is well-heltered on all sides, with small tidal range and is
Such a well facilitated. good harbour, together with the up-to-date container cargo: service; its situation
i ta
in the world main routes; freedom from import duties on most goods and its efficient marien police, all have helped a lot in alleviating many of the problems, They render⠀ easy importation of raw mat- erials and exportation of ginished products. Internal transport is also convenient. Linking up the industrial sectors on both sides of the
, ferry boats are in harbour, regular services. For land transport, main roads, fly- overs, tunnels are constructed;
Transportation in Japan ia excellent too. Bespite the hilly nature of the coun- try, roads are constructed. along the coast to link up the industrial regions.
Her cheap oceanic transport also facilities the import of raw materiala and power and the export of manufactured goods.
5) Supply of Labour.
The early industrial deve lopment of Hong Kong was 'favoured' by the spectacular influx of refugees from Main- land China. The dense popu- lation provides sufficient labour, both skilful and unskilful.
In Japan, people are mostly concentrated in great cities such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. The large population of these cities also provide a large reservoir of labour to work in the factories. Besides, due to the early start of industrialization, the labour force in Japan is quite skilful and is well- known for initation.
6) Capital
* Capital is sufficient in Hong Kong for the development of industry. It is partly due to the large amount of capital which was carried down from China by the immi-- grants. Besides, the politi cal stability of Hong Kong; its relatively low income and profit taxes and its cheap and abundant Labour also attract a lot of foreign capi- tal to flow into the colony.
Capital is abundant in Japan, too. The successful birth control in the country has slowered the populatiga growth rate and reduce fame y Bize, thus a large portion of household income can be reserved as savings and is
the receptor cells in the toe and initiates an impulse there power resources, H.E.P. IS the encouraged to invest in the
This impulse travels along the sensory neuron to the "most promising. For coal, spinal cord. In the spinal the reserves are limited and cord it passes across a
are mostly poor in quality. synapse into an intermediate Petroleum supplies are insuf- (relay) neuron. It then passesficient to meet the increasing across another synapse into a demand. Thus, Japan has to motor neuron.
c) The dilation and contraction
of the pupil is an example. It regulates the amount of light which enters the eyeball.
d) (1) Cerebro-spinal fluid.
b) of what are X and Y composed (2) 1. To transport nutrients
respectively?
c) (1) Name S.
(2) How does it affect the
-direction of transmission
and oxygen to the nerve cells.
2. To act as a water cush
ion to give buoyance to
rely considerably on the importation of power resources on other countries, especially oil from Middle East.
industrial sector Financial aid from the United States has been a drive of the post-war industrial growth of Japan too. Moreover, large amount of foreign capital is also obtained as attracted by her cheap and skilful labour.
7) Market
The dense population in Hong Kong forms a very good.. focal market. For the exter- nal market, Hong Kong goods are generally welcome by other countries and are popular because of bp-class quality In and competitive prices..
3) Supply of Raw Materials
Similar to the supply of power resources, Hong Kong produces scarecely any signi- vicant quantity of raw mater- ials for industry; However, contributed by her good har- bour and well-equipped facili- ties for distant oceanic trans-spite of the quotas set up by
Hong Kong still finds large external markets in other countries, such as those in South America, Africa, Middle East and SE Asia. Besides, being a member of the British Commonwealth, Hong Kong enjoya British Commonwealth Preference
Large market is also avai- lable in Japan, both internally and externally. Her dense population with high consrmp- tion power forms good internal market. The developing coun- tries in Asia form favourable foreign markets for the Japan- ese manufactured goods. Be- sides, her cheap goods easily find large markets in North America and other countries well.
a8
8) Encouragement and Efforts
of the Governmen ta At the same time, govern- ment of both the two countries. have done much in encouraging In Hong Kong, manufacturing. lands were allocated for the
development of industrial. satellite towns, the water supply system was improved, and the governemnt also participates in the various trade fairs to introduce the gooda of Hũng Kong to other countries.
In Japan, vast amount of surplus in the national income. has been ploughed back in the development of public utili- ties, such as in the construc- tion of highways and railways
harbour facilities and water supply projects, which have, în turn, induced development of private enterprises in great strides.
Disadvantages:
However, there are also unfavourable factors which the two countries have to face. The most important ones are:
Limited Industrial Land Supply
Both Hong Kong and Japan suffer from limited indus trial land supply because of their hilly nature. In Hong Kong, in order to solve the problem, the government has been trying her best to provide hew land, mainly by levelling the hills and reclamation. Similar works are done in Japan too.
Shortage of Haw Materials and Power Résources.
Although the shortage of raw materials and power resourceá for indus tzial growth can be offset by the convenience in transportation aa discussed before, however, this cannot cut the problem to the root. Too much depon- dency on other countries is nevertheless not secure at all, such as the
present energy crisis certainly gives a heavy blow upon their deve- lopment.
REVISIONAL QUESTION
19.
The large scale development of industry in China largely dates from the communist per- iød beginning in 1949. Many new industrial regions are developed under the recent ind- ustrial policy of China. However, Urumchi, the western province of Sinkiang began its industry in the late 50's.
Give an account of the drawbacks which hintered the development of Urunchi before late 50's,
List the favourable factors of the recent industrial development in it.