頁四第張七第二日一十月十年午戊
WAH KIU YAT PO
郭日僑
1979
中學會考試題預習專欄
明德出版社胡藤亮提供資料
歷
史
(五)
HISTORY: (5)
Philip YL.Woo
BRASONS FOR BRITAIN'S ABANDON- MENT OF HER POLICY OF ISOLA IONALISM AFTER THE 1·890s"
All other European great powers had been linked up together in different alliances except for Britain.
Britain's naval supremacy at sea was being challeng- ed by the US and Japan in East Asia and by France, Italy and Russle in the Atlantic and the Mediter-
ranean.
(3) Britain's industrial
superiority was being challenged by Germany 's quick. industrial expan- sion.
Britain's relations with other powers were poor. (5) The growing imperialism
of the late 19th century made it necessary for
Britain to search for alliès. so that any
1979
中學會考試題預習專欄
中國歷史 (五)
雄風出版社陳日華提供資料 (6)鴉片戰爭
(九)從飲治、經濟、商滿蟹點及民情四方面分析磨片機
甲、政治方面——中外裏貼之不同:
1.中國羅代,對於四方陸國,都悦闻豐案戎狄
而自以天朝大國自居,在此歷史背景及自大 心理影响下,對西方各國來關求通商催好
的專使,不只看作謝其的使臣,且前有非常 嚴的守則。圣於西方各國,則持有不解之
中國以暴立國,地大物庫,國民生活所嬬,
可不做外來,故採閉關主機。至於英國,自
商主義行,對外發展巧自 中天變方在經濟觀點上不同,涵
産生許多外交上不愉快的事件。十九世紀初
·英廷派來詳的使者如為甘展(MACART
六期星
imperialist risk would no COMPROMISE BETWEEN BRITAIN AND longer be borne alone by
FRANCE Britain.
(6) In view of the growth of
international trade which inter-locked the economic relations of the great powers, any continuation of isolationalism would be impractical.
(7) Germany threatened tớ
upset the European
balance of power by an active military build-up a factor that made Britain's participation in the alliance network for self-protection
necessary.
BRITAIN'S SEARCH FOR ALLIES
In 1898, Britain began making suggestions to Russia to end their colonial rivalry. Yet the Russians ignored the suggestions. This drove the British to attempt to seek an alliance with Germany. The Germans, however, calculated that Britain had no other choice and delayed the negotiation: in. the hope of gaining an upper- hand in any Anglo-German agree ment in the future. This angered Britain, who finally came to. arrangements with the following:
(1) Japan (in the Anglo-Japanese
Alliance of 1902)
(2) France (in the Franco-British
Entente of 1904).
(3) Russia (in the Anglo-Russian
· Ententé of 1907)
險促潛伏
。
乙、經濟方面———利鲁之世
1. 鴉片橙入對英國财政入之影响之
鴉片躲入中國之收入,職在印度财政總
收入之比重越大,而對英國之財政亦有很大
影响。印度供哭之棉花,佔全年出口貨品
分之一,鴉片却佔二分一,時英國工業日
益發展,不僅幣大量茶業供课墊各國,亦險 大量生稱供本土說工業。中英貿易方面,
英為入超地位,故須以屬片抵消此施糰。
2.鴉片鞭入购中國之影响;
3白銀流出——1823年以前,歲港銀數百翼
式。1821:
−1831 › #22817,000,000-** 18,000,000; 1831————1834 + 30,000,000。因此,衛生遞貨業體之現象 回銅錢比價變動:影响纍計民生——雷生銀 黃現象,燒產品價格降低,豪民晚 。
農商零售研 得者爲體,而納稅則要用鎮,在繳稅錢! 銀業,則納更多之金錢。
3農民經濟理折帕 B」之苦
Colonial conflicts had been what
kept Britain and France from any alliance till the end of the 19th century. In the beginning years of the 1900s, however, the two countries settled successfully their differences, for the following reasons:
(1) Both powers wanted to con- centrate more of their attention on European affairs after a settlement of colonial. rivalry,
(2) Both powers were alarmed at
Germany"a military and colonial expansion since 1890. (3) While Britain wanted to end
isolationism, France welcomed British friendship against. the rise of Germany, THE FRANCE-BRITISH ENTENTE, 1904
Although Britain had decided to abandon the policy of non- involvement in European affairs, she was not, however, prepared to enter into a full military alliance vith France. The British still did not want to be drawn into any Franco-German disputes The France-British Entente had the following terms: (1) Egypt became Britain's sphere
of Influence; Morocco France's.
·Simi Lar settlements of colonial expansion in places like
Newfoundland and Siam were reached.
竊們
還此情形,滿清不得不属行禁烟。
丙、街飛觀點方面——中外通商想配不同:
中國消極,自大心國,自給自足,對
簡不熱心,輕饒對外貿易,將通商看作「示 康達人」。
2.外國— 種稱,新航潔、新大陸發現後,歐
洲各國星現空龍之繁榮,紛紛向海外通面,
商人足跡所到贏,便爲國力所到廳,故商人 在外貿易不利,政府總以為與國家大行攸關 ,不惜全力支持。 民情方面——林雞喜事件:
1838年十月七日,英國水手酵酒村兇,將
九重尖沙咀村人林機廠誌,中國要求將兇手
·交田,養律不想,自行決鬥,青立二十磅,就
監禁六日,道與「殺人償過,中外皆岡」之原 則相類太宗,故林則徐合澳門飄搖英) 義
只得南英商五十餘船上,持英大家
4對政府财政之影响——————人民於政府稅收亦
因此而有所拖欠,如1839年各方面之租稅(十)簡述江寧條約之內容及其重要影響。 拖欠港29,400,000两,佔全年國津收入二 分一有多,影响壓變財政很大
5面業之影响——民困前購買力麵,林則徐
贊在湖費審防與土點補銷情形,儘及二三,
NEY),你張球(NAPIER),恭掉(ELL
IOT)等,他們都負責和中國政書通商關係
̇的任務,但無不失望而籤。最後,
,他們覺得
有訴諸武力,始有解決希望,中英數學之危
回其他影响——-CA)耜民命微傷元氣,C
屋邨之內
建樓出售
二年簽約(1842)之內容點:
清廷弹款二千一百萬元,限四年交滑;
2.永進司讓香戀3
3.開廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海爲商埠
世允英人帶眷在唐及設領事館多
日一十月一十年八七九一年七十六國民藐中 惠消邨新青教
(2):There was an unwritten
friendly understanding. that' each country (France and Britain) would support the other if assistance was. needed.
COMPROMISE BETWEEN BRITAIN AND RUSSIA
Then France worked to draw Russia (France's ally since 1894) and Britain (France's friend since 1904) together for a similar: agreement of friendliness. Reasons for the Anglo-Russian compromise were as follows:
(1) Both countries were on
friendly terms with France, who encouraged their com- promise.
(2) Both countries were sus-
picious of German expansion. (The Germans were, for EX". ample, building the Baghdad Railway that led to Persia, an act that threatened the interests. of both Russia and Britain,)
THE ANGLO-RUSSIAN ENTENTE, 1907
Again, Britain did not want to he tied down to a military pact: with 'Russia. Only the following
terms were reachedi
(1) Afghanistan (in Central
Asia) was recognized as a British sphere of Influence,
4.五口灋納出¤貸稅款,堈宜公額定稅則; 5.兩國官方来往文書批用举行款式; 6.廢除公行制迷
7.釋放英國行據異罪犯,凡職時篇英國服務,
盡人一体冤罪。
*江寧錄約之重要影响
1.後後不平等條約之辆定
善後意程(1842)駕七條規定「英國商
民就在各口通商,雖保無與內地人民交 涉狀 之事,通卻明定鞏程,英人鵬英
文自理,親民由中國願死。」...領事 戲所權之賽失。 3中英五口潘高章
镪(1843)——(A)凡未列入稅則表 內之貨物,一律僱百抽五,于口税不得 增加;(B)英官船可送五商口。
回中英鬥龍錢蟎約(1843)
CA
)英商可在通商口岸指定界內租地建量 ,爲「租界」之始;(B)將來中國
沒有所恩施及他國,應確英人一種燈推
-片面最惠國際遇之始。 4讲契
翅匪條約(1844)(A)英國在景
所得之利益,除劃地貼乘外,美國部-
慢地落;(B)明確規定事拖識。 5中选黃墉條約(1864)——法腻有權
同享英、我已經獲得之權利,並獲天主
命請子學為會委互盛葵
室習溫舘書圖設望
途用室習溫作方地公辦將意有
位出及政限,的只額寶酀弟正鑫邂
是會款利內方案立位址簿華會有不当
不也的因的
成華巴助雅著
一下酒
新入
真的,颛交
然的看
九惠界公工唐之
出現·韩民日常活動
.........等等,毎日均$
•購物、錢、品
涅要的地方。八》: 疑是居屋計劃新地盤
·地方,如第十三座排下的結位,可利用低由邨內步行至新地 互助丕員會主席梁先生出体内湿缠之低,距態並不太迭
史告大招牌"
·建築公司的招牌,執捽近一塊
在此開質地款,但上面並無
無瓷之下,原來此一地盤
元洲街邨內,將真淬出售 雷中廚凡的建築維蘇位於 正是日曬雨淋,無可避
·並不在分开街体毒真之内,以前是一間校舍,拆部之後,畫集公司將之
入郵礙的一
,旅客方元次踏入付集
屈的新
政魚塘
屋邨幸。
在中,人可戌策覺,以爲是公共屋鄉內出地方建議出售-台 築地盤:就是位於元洲青邨乎面】以下的地方,仿佛被康邨三面大美拍 【興建商業住宅樓宇出售。元洲街邨的地盤很特別,並不十分完整,此一幕:大厦,居住環境
基大族小羲之一 六栢)
此角角鐵沱只怨新力链頗於土
取新
名建
麗
·身展委凡會日决定將與惠於前深水埗军营的
均以以用,借品已在導,不過,讓中
棠阱,也不大好,十多年前,人們渴
五十個,可客二萬四千三百人。此外,尚有商
是拱高寮而色變的;近年來,
• 以座落地點來說,這假警邮
託。
站
*風花蜜等亦供
-東芝,其他如學校
托兒所黑幫利中心
·市塩商店固然不 來說,倒也不鲜, 設,以一個邨 簡陋,伹 邙附著
: 幼稚圃、吟所
大厦設黑-花
由於概是┣
其他數進分份 的式甌奶內及
常狭層二六九
邨舊道屛翠
影次
,有相當動响的
成山形极高, 第十四座茛當美橋 家客居住。此等造位,明年九月
袞個,腰、,近所入增的,亦縝 的一有可勝工荊山鉈,逢重
大
· 第十七座的居民,現已漸往
.毗暑亦包在附近的安憋楣
天災無可避冤,但人麻如是,獨立新校舍,使主辦機構憐等爭
塘觀獎師
成長中搖飄雨風
姿姿的,細道
至備十月胈七邮尙有,
选工業區,因此,
遞口然,李不
要以來複無情
習有在立
yet both Britain and Russia
were to have equal commer-
cial opportunities in the. region.
(2) Persia was divided into a
northern 'zone under Russia influence and a southern one under British agreement on that.
CONCLUSION:
The Alliance System originated as a German attempt at pre- venting France from revenging on the defeat in the Franco-
Bis- Prussian War of 1870-71. marck worked to bring. all the great powers (except Britain)
together against Franco.. This drove France to seek similar alliance for self-defence. And when Bismarck fell from power and(as William H (the new Kaiser) Lacked the cautious, realistic diplomatic skills of Biamarck to continue the anti-French diplomacy,
France. and Russia finally became allies in 1894 (the Dual Alliance), The following years saw. Britain abandoning isolationism (in view of the growing alliance net work) By 1907, Britain had virtually become a member of a Triple/ Entente (Britain, France and Russia). The Alliance system (in which the Dual Alliance of Germany and Austria confronted the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia) was completed.
教之傳潄躍。
2.關和主權之賽失- 由於關稅協定,物
國無法提高關稅,還止外貨錦響,國家
財政受影响,打擊新集之工作
3.起洲———司法之喪失,
尼中英營後章程(1842)
4.片面最遍暑待遇之濫能
侵略及排百姓 * 額十%數之破壞:
1. HER PARAM
2. 租界之確嫌::
增加列强之
「太平天國發生後,上海租界內首先容静
·中國人居住,其他各國租界識出效尤。
居住租界內之華人不再受中國強捧之墓
判,破壞中國主權之機立,領土之谠靈
,深深影哨國民選陳和社會風氣,
地位之降低:在列發話迫下,中醫务:
1、對外心湖之轉燙——鴉片設爭之失敗,就
既人士心目中以為又是天朝偶然之 是「奇恥大燁」,然「小田必有大神」心: 我站由傲外央爲網站,終長俸外,還下關、
城解决之無望: -南京錄約對禁烟車 字不操,自此骏片大量税赞入口,成为
年,改鴉片念洋業,抽稅「光軍齮
裂解類,遞客
大門
。
屯門區勞工亟感缺乏
新邳消息
障篪: 柏藝痍而無出外工作,這也是蛋鹘秀工的一
·面投訴 - 認爲邨内没有托兒服務,他到地的因照 據悉,屯門班民府已搜集成内劳工缺乏及托
另一方面,屯門新發邨婦女會日前向有關方
大興邨開設托兒所 爭取婦女投入工作
兒服務的相互關係安料交政府有關部門,作
『「中建托了大猩
,,所將知
明年啟用已展開招收兒童事宜 政府資助收費從賺月費只八十 大業的熱 一月估,因龍船只Ş受政府實助,
敬收的作敬心瞆兒快興得
,朱工作,明年初正式投入服務,我所能容納二
·托兒中心,很此等高齡運在考慮中。
:會牧師推出:大輿郕托克所現開始進行金門
可解始束裤,投身入工廠酸赛, 屯門捻政府近年來積極發酸的射甬城市、歌. 一期工程也於去年中施成,現有一萬六千步人入·假期停止服務·《范) 内根長把淘金質養前往勍所寄托。如此,難女便.門共建第一任公共至物鼓部外,現在第二氫壘 击托的時間:原期一至五至上午八時至下午六時 托兒所之一「聖西門心現正進行招收工作,軟誣區 將會居住在公共屢邨內·除了一九七八年初··中心托克斯及遊中心也同時預收寄托的腿!,
·屯門大英郎托克所明年初投入服務,主群 府估計謀市能容納人百五十萬;而大部份的居民首次稱缺位於屯門青威路兒童福利 楼大興邨,共建实工程正雅板進行中,而寫,虽期六由上午八時至下午一時,星期日及公案 每月以收费进八十裙, 意特的七至其他地才的 的計程半大的長机-
五千多人。
秘謊宾女士表示
據英產區附近,,巴士公司摩然已作出優雅易養護型巴士此種手經營,每日
要藏藏價】 大興邨至新墟巴士少有機可乘, 釣泥鯭式從中獲利 屯門的士專走短線
該部位於亞、 大美愅的交通情况 秦,所以,唐民出入,之故,新界的士紛紛以按旧好,維康味
下午實意克間,釣泥
地,在過去,很多工廠在市內興建,並且開始經 另一方面,威府在屯門市内個不大,带
營生素,因此,區內就飛機會因而滑步,值幅
,示來
少天
唐 月小百多變。程本邊中路
等機電發裝安計設・材器訊通廠名理代
司公限有行生耀
〇五九九六七H:話電 號五〇一道頓譏
邨屋
注就低情 民
·起此
的肉有示
了茁無
未門租:
器電庭家廠名·理修及賣售·程工力電做承
機電綫無關。品佳禮送