育教僑華 頁三第張六第 日八廿月二年午戊室
1978
【中學會考試題預營專機
开
中國語文 (廿七)
陳大爲。
周淑嫻
(甲)課文間難:
國語的文學、文學的國語
胡適
)試述胡適「國語的文學、文學的國語」一文的主旨
和內容大要。
主旨:
胡通寫作本文是由於他提倡新文學運動,主展培 白括交代替交回交,但中國傳統觀交宮交,因此胡 適在本篇真對文學革命各問題加以論述,全篤的中心 思類,在當段已有開宗明義的說明:
......「我的「建殺新女學』的喵一宗官只有十個大字 :國語的文學,文學的國語。我們所提倡的文學 革命,只是要替中國創造一組國語的文學。有了 國語的交學,方才可有文學的國語。有了文學的 國語,我們的國語才可算得真正國齬。有了文學 的國語,我們的國語才可算得罵正國塞。國 有文學。俀沒有生命,便沒有價位,便不能成立。 ,便不能發達。這是我這一篇文章的大旨。」 間時胡適更提出要達到以上的目標,有意的主張是必 要的,以更鞏固文學革命的主張。
內容大要:
本篇的內容可廐納出三個實點,現分诎於下:
(1)爲名麼需要提倡國語的文學——
作者認爲中國二千年来也没有有生命,有價值 的文言文學,因爲文藝和生活脫節,不能恰當
育收僑華
B
1978
中級會考試題預習專欄
地理 (廿七 ) 李婉儀
GEOGRAPHY (27);.
„Suggested answers to quest-
Lone 48 and 49元
48.
a. The photograph is taken
Yehliu, Taiwan. There are
• numerous rocks like this the Locality. They 'ahow 穴typical examples of differe
The. rocks.
品
ential weathering...
Mare shaped like mushroom,
with a wider top and narrower
'stalk', The surface of
top is pitted or honey
* The
region is made of: alternate arrangement of soft and resistant layers dipping gently to the sea. Denuda- tion on the surface reduces it to a more or less level land so that alternate bands of resistant and soft rocks appear on the surface (FIG.1). The mushroom-shaped rocks are found arranged in linea where bands of resistant rocka" exposed on the surface, over- lying the soft rocks, Thus, weathering is more active in the lower part, changing it into a mushroom-shaped block. Moreover, the resistant layer is most possibly made up of a variety of minerals with different resistances. Cong tant weathering and erosion
·may remove the soft minerala to produce honey comb on the surface.
LANDSCAPE OF
Sea
KEY S
Resistant layer
[9002] · Soft layer 19. Vegetatio
→ Position of Mushroom -
Shopit black
. It resembles the gour or mushroom block in the desert
area.
In desert areas, wind is the most powerful agent of erosion, "inds, armed with loads, may abrade or wear down “the rock surfaces with which “at comes into contact. As
mont of the coarse materiala are transported only half a amëtre above the ground, the
power of abrasion is most effective at that level. The #winds uplifting these materi-
WAH KIU YAT PO
地袋、一切實語文字的作用都在愛情達 落,如果一種文學不能達遡得好,我博獲得 好,那這種文學是死的,是沒有價值的,所以 要有有生命的文學。必須採用和生活沒有脫離 的白話寫成,也就是滿野點股出國語的文學來
(2) 怎樣成文學的國語———
既要建設出國語的文學,那究官用甚麽國語 晚7當時中國並未有標準的國語成立。作者幣 爲這並沒有關係,國為我們需要的是文學的國 齬,要達到迴個目徑的方法就是專心一意用由 話來創作文學,當這些用白话創作的文學有了 豐富的成果時,選些文學所用的白話,使是標 準的國語,是文學的國語了。
(3) 有漸地提倡白文學的重要
最後作者更提出,中國至今仍未有標準的國語 ,就是因爲過去沒有人明目張路的主用白話 來作為中國的「玄學的國語」,也就是沒有人
郭日僑華
自此外,白恬文未必一定是活交學,用白話寫 出來而又不知所謂的文章也很多,所以我開為 「死交會决不能濋出活交學 適句話可以漫底
·,但文學是否活生生的女學,却和運用文言對 白鳥成拉不上關係。
(2) 胡適在文中描寫客子思家,却不鳥思家情镶 *却用「王製發樓」這典故,對玉绳的幽址。 時代。思家的情懷種種,是否與自己相吻合。 並不考慮,這樣的表達方法,又怎能恰當地 現自己思案的情懷
又例如指鳥送別,不適抒遥別的實况與情 ̇懷,却去用逃了那關三」「一曲滑城」
的典故。王糖送別的情懷和自己是否相同,却 不去考慮,溫標又怎能表達出自己送別時的煞 受呢!
日五月四年八七九一圈公年七十六國民華中
三期星
仁、曰近智,而農白樂廳、非曰能之,我雖老學 蓆,又以戒爲于保者也。
7.
1.作者喜歡獻,運由是:
(宋、鄉景望、李齋錄酸)
1,他牴黨成爲智者。 2.他要开此勉勵自己。
3.他向王安石和蘇軾學習。
4.他要修獎自己的人格。
5.他要為自己建造書情。
A. 13
B. 2-4
C. 3-5
親庶務的,十分上下層階級之間,燕特殊的教育。 在平時是胎民的官吏,在職時是觀爭的主力。就上灣 的貴族階毅說,是願持治權的唯一歐力,王諸侯大夫 如不能得到士的支持,不但政權立即崩潰,身家也不 能保存。在下層的玩樂說,士又是球政的力和学 人,她們當審,管理粗賦,審判案件,雜持治安 當司馬管理軍隊,當實正確理商人,當工正管工人
·和民樂的關係最為密切。因之叉慣豬和民保聯在一 起。就職業的區分,士為四民之首,其下是是工商 再就教育的程度和地位說,土和大夫最為接近,因之 士大夫也就成爲代表相同的教育程度和社會地位的一
專門名。
·E
D. 18.5 2×4 5
這樣一來,既不能滿意遐情,那又怎能網 之爲活文學呢!
爲數釀王安石作「字說」時變罊他的拑顕?
A.他要增加靈感。每
(上期答案)
(一)蠲購理解:
·明白主張白話文學瀌代替文言文學,白話文學(乙)語文練習 不能取得文學正宗的地位,文學的國語也就難:(一)調理解: 以成立,因此必須提倡國語的文學,從而建立 文學的國語。
(二)就根據國語的文學,文學的國語一文,解答下列兩
(1) 作者蕊花麼說「死文官决不能產生出活文學」
?你對選個說法有越麼意見? (2)試用文中所舉「描寫客子思家」和「描期运別
」的例子各一個,來闡明作者上述的說法。
(1976年會考試題
(1) 胡適在國語的文學,文學的國語一文中,提出 說「死文甘玦不能商出活文學」,主要的論點 在於胡氏廠為一切齬官文字的作用,在於表情 達您,連點遠得妙,惜得好,便是文學, 而死女爾則是在有了意思之後,却把意思體成 幾千年前的典故;有了感情,却把感情讓成憋 千年前的文甘。這樣一來,既不能越意,又不 能變,那邊成文學呢!因此,作者便當燃死 文言决不能瀠山活文學來。
注 我贊同作者點為「死甘决不能產出活文 學」,死的東西無論如何也生不出活的東西來 ,但我却開篇文甘不一定是死的,只要懂得運 ̇用,使用恰當。中國歷來絕佳的文目作品可多 藏!到時交爾和用典之間並不能加上一個等號
als as a tool undercut the
base of a boulder, which ia
gradually transformed into
a mushroom-shaped block called
gour. The blocks can be of.
uniform structure, ie. it
is not necessary to have a resistant layer overlying a soft one..
49.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE LOCATION
The location of the ine dustrial areas in this region. is mainly determined by the following favourable factors:
1) Availability of flat land
The industrial areas are found on the coastal region where a larger piece of flat land is available. This piece of land is apart from the C.B.D. so land rent is cheaper.
2) Accessibility to C.B.D.
Good communication net- work including railways and waterway provides easy access to C.B.)., so the finished products can be brought to the market efficiently. Besides, easy access to C.B.D. also means that services like banking; commerce. and insure ance can be provided: easily. 3) Lasy transportation
"The industrial areas are found along the coast and are served, by a good harbour- which iu sheltered by highlands on: all sides and is well facili-
Soch a tated with piers. coastal location has a strong pull for industries since transport coat of bulky raw materials by sea is cheaper. The region is alsò linked with the airport by railway,
4) Availability of power
resources
There is a thermal plant nearby, which supplies elec- tricity to factories.
The oil tank is another source of energy.
5) Availability of labour.
The industrial areas are close to the residential areds of lower and middle classes, where density of population is higher and people are most- ly of working class, forming an adequate labour supply.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Various - environmental- problems arising from such industrial areas are unavoid- able.
Air pollution is the main one . Winds way, carry the polluted air to the resi-
dential areas, causing damage to plants and houses and affeoting the health of .people. The waste from factories- causes water pollution. high concentration of people. leads to noise pollution. Traffic congestion is unavoid- ably caused.
QUESTIONS FOR REVISION
50.
The
*Name the feature shown on the photograph. (marked X). Draw a series of well-annotated diagramm to show how it was formed.
孔子甘,仁者靜,想者獻。唔觀自古功名之士, 類皆好動。不但與作事業,雖超居體厭之間,亦不能 自己。王荆公平生不再坐,非魋印行。居銀山,舒早 餓曰,必髓一至山中,或之西港、或之定林,或中
·道捨體,沿野人家,亦或未至復,然要必須出 ,未曾豪也。作「學說」時,用意良苦,懂石奮百餘 枚儿案上,昭嚼以逐其思,過蓘未及益,卽嶼其指至 流血不覺。我傳公初生,家人見有 入其室,有照 公生,數小学郎。嘗以間蔡元度,曰:「有之」。 物理殆不可啦。蘇子瞭性亦然,初高貴州,布我者 出入阡陌。多抉彈駄江水)與客爲娛樂。數日必一 泛舟江上,認其所往,乘興或入郡斥,經徊不退, 爲守者極病之。晚貶嶺外,無一日不辦山。選 锅余會:裝篇宿州教授,會公出守鍊彎,有過之,入 其書室,莫間多張古名譽,愛其鉟陽思辨,欲儒题 字面掛。逾高不能及,因重二桌以上,忽失踯堂地, 大笑。二人皆天下偉人,蓋出於智者當爾。
業
害案頭,固非二公之比,自得此出,樂其桌石 *欲鬆藏書之所。品數僕夫,荷持睿,不痍溝谷 ,搜副岩變,鍵風雨不避。旁限皆以爲甚勢,而余實 未會權,殆其役於物耶【新居將成,頗亦有所譽夫 仁智、性之成德,由是以入聖,難助其何傷!其必有 以變之,而後不至於弊;因榜共區崞東西兩素:日近
B.要表示他用心良苦。
C.這是他的習慣
D.彤不能讓能個人靜下來。 E. 相傳他有的習性。
3.蘇軾期養不成,失足意地的例子說明了甚麼?
A,蘇軾是個坐言起行的人。
B,蘇軾和无以道都是個性急的人。
C.蘇軾是储智者。
D.他們不懂靜思良策。
E.他們十分好勵,不能自己。 4。文中叙述了不少王安石和蘇軾的執事,目的在:
斷的標準。
A
B.解解勦的意義! C.印雅孔子的熟話。
D.說明王安石和蘇軾的人格和飾響。 E,作為自己好動的解釋 (二)把下列一段文字,仍用語體攝寫成90至110字 的文
棄,標點符號不包括在內:
在春秋時代,金字塔形的統治階級,王諸侯大夫 以下的階層就是士。士和以上的陪觸比较,人數最多 ,勢力也最大。其下是庶民和奴識,是勞力者,是小
和特供上層的君子。王貓養大夫都是不
other organic subá- tances and inorganic salte that .present in ungerminated hemp seeds, 6-day-old heap.
seedlings and 9-day-old hemp 'seedlings.
The data are given as dry weight percentages.
Seeds
51
The diagram below shows a general classification of agriculture,
Fat.
Protein
Starch
33 48
24
23
Ο
77
Seedlings
6-day 9-day
16
23.5
-3
Cellulose 15
15.1
16.6
Other organic substances
23
28
Inorganic
a. Mark A, B, C and D in the correct parts of the días gram so that each can represent the agricultural productions typical of the regions,
b. What type of agricultural
production does each represent? Give reasons.
to support your answer.
WET
DRY
Ranching
Comme
Murray-Darling Basin Western Foothill in Western Malaysia
C - Central Plain of
Thailand'
D
生
Binkiang of China
(廿七 ) 秦永齣
BIOLOGY (27)
Unit 13: Revision test II Conventional Questions: Za. The following diagram showe
the human uterus with a de- veloping embryor
Y
Uterine wall Amnion and chorion
Umbilical cord
Embryo
Uterine
cavity
cervix
(i) Name the fluid which occu- pies apace X and give four functions of this fluid. (ii) Name y and atate the two
tissues which, together comprise this structure. (iii) Describe and explain how
the developing embryo
1) obtains oxygen and nu....
trients from the mother and,
2) removes the metabolic
waate produote-
The following table.showa the relative amounts of protein, fat, starch, cel-
salts
Loss in
dry weight
9
29
in
5
3.9.
6.9
(i) Where is the food material
stored in
1) rice grains, and 2) broad beans?
(ii) Refer to the table, state the two main kinds of food stored in hemp seeds.
(iii) Which kind of food sto-
rage is mobilised to starch: and other organic compounds during germination?
(iv) which kind of food storage
is the ultimate source of the increase in cellulose and other organic compounds?
(v) What does the amount of
inorganic salts indicate about the absorption fune.. tion of roots during the early germination?
(vi) When does cellular elonga- tion begin? which data support your answer?
c. The following graph shows
the change of dry weight of hemp seeds during germina- tion in light.
Dry weight
Weight. of
ungerminated hemp seed
2
3
Time in weeks
(1) Describe and explain the
changes represented by the graph.
(ii) What is the advantage:
of using dry weight as a measure of plant growth?
BY BAD°
(=);
古代的經典書籍,經過世代不斷的機器,有些亡 侠了,有些我快了,有些是錯的,有些是錯誤的。 那些散失了的已經全部消失,其也不能看到;殘缺的 就只餘下零碎的籍承,再也看不到完整的面目,篩造 的只是假託古人撰寫,把事實的真像泥亂;錯誤的却 是交句類倒錯油,要了解真正的含意也困難,這樣健 使讀者困燙勞頓和迷惑,茫茫然毫無頭緒,不知道 眼才是正確的。
其實審籍散失的原因很多,有些是因為遭到兵炎 補亂,有些病海上水災、火災的毀壞,有些是受到訔 蠱老鼠的使街,至於那些執輩政權的人,用焚毀書籍 來達成藝制人民思想的目的,所造成的禍害是更大的
近代圖書館的設立很普通,對古今中外的書籍都 加以蒐集;所收藏的質籁不但變富,而且更加以光糖 的保存,不論貧窮、富有、聰明、愚蠢的人,都可以 拿來參攷和關攢;大家可以舒適地坐在圖書館中细 廣自己的知毀,菻除一座俗禁蠢的,個中的榮辧實
在是從前的人所不能想贏得到的。
Ans..
a(1) Amniotic fluid.
1) To serve as a liquid
cushion for protecting
the embryo against shock.
2) To prevent the amnion
from sticking to the embryo.ME
3) To maintain a suitable temperature around the embryo.
4) To lubricate the passage for the foetus during birth.
(ii) Placenta.
The chorionic tissue and uterine tissue together comprise the placenta.
(iii) 1) In the placenta the blood systems of mother and embryo are seperated by thin membranes, The. dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the maternal blood diffuse through the thin membranes into the blood in embryonic capillaries. These are carried by the umbilical vein in umbilical cord to: ambryo.
(2) The metabolic waste products of the embryo are carried by the umbin lical arteries in umbili- cal cord to the placenta. In the plaventa, the me tabolic waste products in the embryonic capillaries diffuse through the thin membranes into the water- nal blood. These are then removed by the maternal excretory organs.
b(i) 1) Rice grains; food is Katored in the endo-
sperm.
2) Hroad beans: food is stored in the coty= ledons.
(ii) Fat and protein. (iii) Fat
(iv) Fat
(vi) The amount of cellulose
present indicates little cellular elongation in the firat 6 days, but thereafter a rapid incre-
ase.
v) That the amount of inor-
ganic salts does not increase indicates thatTM the roots are not fune- tioning in salt absorption during the early germina−: tion.
c(i) In the first 2 weeks,
the dry weight of hemp seed decreases. The loss of dry weight is due to respiration, a process in which stored food is oxidized to liberate ener- gy for germination. The dry mass of the seed Le lost in form of carbon dioxide,
2 weeks after germination the food consumed during respiration is compensated by the food manufactured by photosynthesis.
Thereafter, the dry wedght of the seed incree ases steadily. It is because the activity of photosynthesis increases rapidly and the food manufactured much over- comes the food consumed. (ii). Dry weight shows the
actual changes in plant material.