育教僑華 頁一第張八第日八初月二十年巳丁歷
育教僑華
B
HM & Dalt Press
1978
中川會考試題慎習期型
世界歷史 十五 胡康亮
HISTORY (15)
REORGANIZATION OF THE KMT
MILITARY UNIFICATION OF
CHINA
B
Sun Yat-sen's activities 1914-22
Organization of the Revolutionary Party (Remingtang m £) in 1914, after the KMT had been ordered to disband by Yuan Shih-k'ai.
2. 1917-18, Sun was involv....
ed in political
struggles in Iwangtung. The Kemintang was a secret & conspiratorial party. Members owned personal loyalty to Sun:
Organization of the
KMI (Nationalist Party).
in 1919 as an open political party.
Sun came to power by allying with warlords. Warlords were undepend- able however. Sun knew importance of a solid territorial base for KMT before national unification.
Sun Yat-sen's alliance. with Soviet Russia
1. Sun failed to obtain help from Western
Powers, despite repeat-
ed attempts to.
Soviet Russia's policy in China: revolution in colonial or semi- colonial areas as means to weaken world imper- ialism and capitalism.. Thus willing to support KMF.
Sun and Joffee (Soviet representative) jointly. made a declaration on co-operation in 1923. Soviet help to KMT4 weapons, political & military advisers, KMT re-organization, social movements such as labour-union or peasant-association
organizing.
New elements added to KMT ideology: national- is as equality of peo- ple within China; land to the farmers; nation- alization of major industries;use of propaganda to arouse people's patriotic feelings.
Re-organization of KMT Russian advisers came to China,e.g. Michael
Borodin.
Communist principle centralized party
of
applied to KMT: empha- sis on discipline;
great power for KMT'S Central Executive Committee.
Approved reorganization
in First National Congress of KM
in 1924. First United Front with CCP (Chinese Communist Party formed in 1921)
as encouraged by Russia
CCP members admitted
to KMF as individuals.
5. Founding of Whampoa
Military Academy (†
辅罩校 ),Russian
advisers helped, train
a KMT army » Brutal
6. 1925-26, KM power
established firmly in
Canton: AJPES
7. Sudden death of Sun Yat-
sen in Peking while. negotiating with a warlord..
Chiang Kai-shek's rise to power
1. Struggle between KMT
leaders to succeed Sun, left-wing leaders. defeated (Liao' Chung- k'ai assassinated), right-wing leaders also defeated (Hu Han-nin forced to retire); thus military leadera led by Chiang Kai-shek came to power.
2. New leaders of KMT a.Chiang Kai-shek:
gentry background, military education, Commander of Whampoa Military Academy.
報日僑華
(2-2)2=z2-2z7422
WAH KIU YAT PO
b.Wang Ching-wei;the
only left-wing leader capable of rivaling Chiang.
3. Labour Movement & May
30 Incident in 1925. a.growth of labour novemente in big
cities all over China.
Shooting of demonstra- tors; stimulated great patriotism.
C.Waves of strikes and
boycotts of foreign goods.
d.growth of membership
of CCF and KMT, left-
wing strengthened in KMT
Growing influence of
CCP members within
KMT; Chiang decided to purge Communist influence; action
against CCP and Russian : advisers in 1926,
compromise settlement between Chiang & CCP. The Northern Expedition
& split within KMT a.strengthening of KMT
position in Kwangtung and Kwangsi b.Sun Yat-sen always
insisted on a military expedition to unify China,
1st atage of Northern Expedition in 1926: fightings against Yangtze warlords, KMT receiving popular support, KMP absorb- ing many warlord. armies into KMT armies corrupting effects. Ad 1.transfer of revolu
tionary government fro from: Canton to Wuhan (1926) dominated by Teft-wing KMT led by Wang Ching-wei Chiang Kai-shek won support from conser- vative forces.e.g. Shanghai bankers, business groups, agreements with war- lords.
f.Chiang broke with
CCP and purged labour unions in Shanghai & Nanking, where he controlled.. g.Chiang established
a rival KME govern- ment against
the original one in Wuhan. Wuhan govern- ment expelled Chiang from KMI, 1927.
h. Wuhan KMF allied with
CCP, later broke with CCP:
1.Thus reunification of
KMT under leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.
6. Completion of Northern
Expedition
a. 1927 KMT march north-
ward, capture of Peking, submission of northern warlords. proclamation of.
National Government of
of China in 1928, capital in Nanking. clash between KMT - forces & Japanese troops at Tsingtao, omen of future Sino- Japanese war (1937- 45).
To be continued
in the next issue
附加數學(十五)岑俊彥
Additional Mathematics 15
Complex number (II)
Worked Examples::
1. Given that z=cosf+ising
and Z-case-1 in) find
(1) 2+Z
(11) z-Z
(iii) az,
2
(z-z) prove that
and by using (z+1)2,
con2 -2cos -1 and
coa20=1-2sin
Solution:
(i) z+2=2coaf
(11) z-ž-2ising
(in)
and
resp
tively.
zž~(Co8o+isino) (cose-ising)
9-(isine)2
-cen +sin 8
*1
On substitution, we have
(2cose) -(cos9+isin0)2+2(1)
+(cond-isine)2
4cos 0=cos20+isin20+2+cos29
-isin28 by De Muivre ́s ́
The oren. =2cos20+2
c20-2.com28-1
.(2isine) -(case+ining)
~2(1)+(coag-ining)2
-4sino-cos20+isin28−2+cos29
-isin20
-2c0820-20 cos28-1-2sine
2
2. Find the cube roots of
unity and represent them in an Argand: Diagram. Solution:
The given expression is
=1
when
1+01
in(360n®)
z-(cis360n3
scia(360)
cis(120n
Zuscino -1-1+01
when n=1,
z1-cis120 --4+ği when in 2, 22-01240---
where Zag
3 required roots.
240/
n=0, 1,
5. Find the roots of the
equation
2
iz+32-2i-0
Using the formula:
28
we bave
(1) (-21)
-321
or 21
the
the required roata are Ans. 1 21. Exercise. 8
1. If z=cost+isin?,
T=c010-igiBo write down. by expansion, the expressions
8
(2+7) (z-Z)
(c) (z+7)
in terms of z and Z. Hence prove that C0838-4c88-3c000. sin30-3sing-48in end
cos5 -5c090‐20cos +16cos
In each of the following
cases, find the indicated
roots and represent them
in an Argand Diagram,
the fifth roots of unity
b) the cube roots of -81
the fourth roots of −2−2√319
3. Find the roots of the
following equations in the form a+ib:
(a) 2x +31z+4-0
iz2+52-1-0
(c) iz2 +53-71-C
經濟與公共事務 (十五) 孔繁盛 ®
Economic and Public Affairs
National Indone
"National income is com- monly defined as Grosa National Product, which is the total value of goods and services produced annually in the nation. It is a measurement of the economic worth of production to goc- iety. Usually, it is the aum of the market values of the final goods produced by the nation's resources dur- ing the year in question. Gross National Product (GNP) is a flow; it is an amount of production per unit of time. It refers to those outputs which are created in the year, but not those which have lonį:
一期星
日六十月一年八七九一屡公年七十六厦民華中
existed in the country' be-.- fore the year in queation.
Lethods of measuring kation-
Income
There are at least two ways of mensuring national Income.
Pirat we
can sum up the value of all goods and ser- vices produced annually in the nation. The value of each category of goods is
given by quantity multiplied by its market price. All output in the nation.flows to one of the following four uses: consumption, in-. vestment, Covernment pur chases, and net e porta. Their sum is called Gross National Product.
Second, we can sum up all of the incomes earned in the production of Gross National Income: rent, wages, interest and profite. The sun is called Gross
National Income..
Since the flow of pro- duction generates the flow of income, gross national product is always matoned by gross national income. By this method, we can ind- irectly obtain the value of Gross National Product,
Direct taxes and indirect taxes
1. Direct taxes fall large- ly on income. They are cl- osely related to the ability to pay. Indirect taxes fall on consumption.
2 A direct tax falls dire- ctly on the persone taxed and so carinot be avoided. An indirect tax, being paid. indirectly as part of the payment for some commodity or service, can be avoided to the extent that the con- sumer cuts down conswiption of the goods and services so`tayed
Income tax, an item of direct tax, is usually pro- gressive. This means that
the higher the income, tue greater the proportion of it that has to be paid in tavation. Atax imposed upon a commodity is called indirect tax if it does not fall entirely on the buyer. The incidence of the tax depends on the elasticity of demand for the cornodity. If the demand is relatively inelestic, the seller wi32 be able to raise its price hy a large proportion of the tax, and a large' pro c- rtion of the tax burder is transferred to the buyer. If the demand is relatively elastic, the seller can h
ardly raise ita rice and he will have to
take up a large pro»ortion or to tax as a result.
The basic principle of direct taxation is that a more equitable distribution. of income and wealth can be attained. The basic princi- ple of indirect taxation is that it should be spread o over as wide a range of com- modities as possible, and
it enables that people of
widely different tastes are called upon to pay some taxes.
英文(十六)
ENGLISH (16)
Comprehension
Raymond W.K.LO
魯榮光
Comprehension Fercise
Passage C
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow it,
And there is another ant- erial, name concrete, which gives the men of today fresh, chances of expressing beauty in architecture. It is a very old material, used. by the ancient Romans and known long before, The Roman made made great concrete roofs supported only by the walls on which they rested; but in, the Middle Ages "this' art was lost, and roofs were made with a multitude of small stones
stones for the arched ribs of the vault, and more stones for arching aeross those ribs. And now in the course of ages concrete has returned to play its part in the history of architecture.
What is this new mater- inl which is helping to form a new style? Concrete is a mixture of a powder called cement, made from
elay and chalk, and water,
sand, and broken brick or
gravel. This pudding,
mixed and left for a time, becomes as hard as stone. So you may say, you have only made stone instead of quarrying one: why should that alter the style of architecture? The answer is, in part, that this stone can be of any size we wish. We do not take it to the building in a lorry, nor hoist it into a posit- ion with a crane. We carry our great stone to the building in bucketsful of liquid pudding. Wherever w we want this concrete stone we fix up a wooden trough, into which the mixture can be poured. When it hardens, the wood- en trough is removed and the great artificial stone ia in position. Now a concrete beam, like stone, would crack if heavily weighted, but we now know a way unknown to the ancient Romans: ---- of strengthen- ing concrete. Before pour- ing in the mixture, long steel rods can be placed in the trough. When the mix- ture is poured in and hard- ens, the steel is embedded in the concrete and gives it great additional streng- th
Now this trough can be made in any shape. You know” how a jelly is shaped: the cook does not make a stiff jelly, then carve it into ehape: she pours it while. liquid into a mould, and when it has set it stands up shaped like the mould. Jellies are always the same shape. We can shape concrete- like jelly, and we can ret unusual shapes far more easilly than in stone and we can model a building into queer shapes as we plasticine.
Questions
can
It is suggested that
A., the use of concrete
în architecture allows of beauty
the use of concrete making roofs plays an important part in the history of architect-
ure
The Romans first named the material 'concrete.
D. In the Middle Ages, the use of concrete was considered to be an art
E. Only the Romans knew
how to use concrete
in architecture
2. The use of concrete al- ters the style of arch- itecture because
A. concrete has now
returned to play its part
B. it is mixture of. cement, clay and chalk, water and gand
C, it can be used to build an arch
D. we know the way of
strengthening concrete,
E. it can be moulded
easily
3. Which of the following word
is not related to the other four?
A. mould
B. crane
C. trough
V. pudding
E. arching
4. Which of the following
suggested title best sums. up the passage?
A. The use of concrete in
modern times,
B. The place of concrete
in the history of architecture..
C. Concrete and Beauty.
D. The use of concrete.
E. How concrete is made
and used.