育教僑華
頁三第張七第二日一十月十年巳丁暦夏
M.& Dole Press
1978
「中學會考試題預習專欄|
明社社主
本報中學會考試預習專欄所刊登之地 理(七)及生物(七)兩科,現補發如下:
地理(七) 李婉儀
GEOGRAPHY (7)
Suggested answers for quest- ions 10 and 11:
11.
a. Although the equatorial regions always experience high angle of elevation of the sun, the hottest temperatures are not recorded there. It is because the equatorial regions. are oftenly covered with thick clouds which can absorb and reflect good deal of the solar radiation, thus heat reaching the earth's suface is much reduced. The blanket of clouds there also explains why the diurnal range of temperature is small since it will prevent the rapid lows of heat in the atmosphere, by earth radiation leaving the earth's surface (FIG. A).
Outgoing Baith
CLOUD COVER
trappe
Incoming Safar {radzation is reduent
FIG. A EFECT OF CLOUD COVER ON TEMPERATURE,
b. The shaded areas, i southwestern Australia, an area in the southeastern art of South Australia and adja- cent Victoria, experience a hot, dry sumer and mild rainier winter. It is because, during the summer
under the the climate comes under influence of stable air which flows out of the oceanic sub- tropic hich cell (FIG. B).
Under this condition the cli- mate is hot and dry, very much like that of the tropical arid and semiarid types. In winter the migration of the global circulation brings to these regions the tropical margins of the westerlies with their cyclonic passages and occassional invasions of modified polar air massos. They bring rain to the south western and south-eastern corners of lustralia. The above mentioned regiona are thus dry in summers and rainy in winters.
FIG. B SELAER CONDITI UN
HIGH
LOW
Rainy areas
Prevailing winds
(westerlies
PEG. C WISTER CONDITI UN
c. The natural phenomenon described in the paragraph is the effect of fehn known in Europe or Chinook as called in North America.
The foehn or chinook is a warm, dry and often gus ty wind n the leeward side of Gountain ranges when stable air is .orced to flow over the barrior by the regional
pressure gradient,
WAH KIU YAT PO
Often
there is a loss of moisture by precipitation on the wind- ward side of the mountains and the air is cooled at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate which is around 5°C/Km.
in average. The mountain
barrier creates a frictional drag which tends to pull the air from higher levels down on the leeward. The air
that forces down the leeward is now dry, so it is heated on descent at the dry adia- batic lapse rate, which is 0.8°C/m. Thus ite tempera- ture at the foot of the mountain becomes higher.
As the prairie provinces described in the paragraph is found to the east of the Rockies which is about 3,000, chinnok efect can be experi- enced. Supposing that the air that blows rom the Pacific has a temperature of
8°C at sea-level and it is unsaturated. it it rises it cools at the dry adiabatic rate of 9.8°C/km until con- densation occurs (let's assume it to be around 1,000). After condensation, it coo19 at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate of 5°C/huu, thus at the summit of the mount- ain the temperature has all- en to 11.8°C. The air
descending the leeward slope. 18 now dry, so it is warmed on descent at the rate of 9.8°C /Km. Thus its temperature at the foot of the mountain has risen to 17.6°C (PIG. D). This is the reason why temp- erature will rise for 11°C or even ore in a few hours.
FIG. D
(C-L.)
12.
17.62
INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGR. a. Relationship between" the physical environemnt and farming practice
Intensive subsistence® farming is generally practised by traditional societies, distributed mostly in the densely ponulated river basina. flood plains and deltas in hilly countries, such as the Yangtze Basin, Yangtze Delta, Szechwan Basin and Sikiang Basin in China, the Basius of the enam Chao Phraya in Thailand and the Irrawaddy Delta in Burma. The thick and fertile alluvium dep-sited by
rivers; the tropical or sub-ba
tro ical monsoonal climate with high temperatures, abun- dant summer rainfall and long growing season; and the enough labour suply make intensive farming possible. Due to the population pressure, most of the readily tillable land is used, and additional areas are created with great labour th- through land drainage and the terracing of hillside.
b. Crops grown
The emphasis here is upon food, which is produced most efficiently by raising crops that man can cousume directly. The crops are mainly grai s and vegetables
l'addy rice predates in.
most areas where it can be
grown. Wheat, corn, barley, sorghum, millet, and some nais: teud to be grown actively where rice does not thrive, their areas of gr...ith overlap- ping somewhat with those of rice.
Non grain crops include Boyʊeans; peauata; sugarcane; sesame seed, rape seed, tobac co, tea, many garden vegetables and some fruita. These regions also grow fibers, notably cotton; jute; silk; and hemp.
Relative importance
Under subsistence farm- ing, crops are grown mainly. for home consumption, only a small surplus is sold to nearby markets. This system of agriculture provides food. for multitudes of people, who' live in innumerable farm villages and till their tiny
報日僑華
fields with endless patience and hard labour; but seldom do they achieve more than a bare existence.
1 LANTATION AGRICULTURE a. Relation
S.E. Asia is an import- ant region of plantation farming. Large estates are mainly found on coastal hill- slopes, e.g. in Malaysia, Java and the Phillippines etc. It is carried out very success
fully and in great variety. The humid subtripical or tropical rainforest climates, flat, fertile, well-drained sheltered land; at the varying. elevations needed to grow crop specialities, ære preferred by plantation owners and mana- gers.
b. Types of crops
Usually, it involves the growth of commoidities for sale in markets where those commodities cannot be grown because of.
verse climate and/ or other natural environ- mental features. lluber, ba- banas, tea, coconuts and oil palms are principal crops grown in the plantations in 9.6. Asia.
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Importance.
Plantation agriculture is mainly a commercial venture initiated by individual owners and operators. They are main- ly Europeans, after www.11, many of the colonies became independant and many plantat- ions are being broken up into small holdings. Nomatter what happened to the ownership, plantation is nevertheless an important type of farming, as" it attracts foreign investment, provides job opportunities for people of the localities; attracts innig ahts which in turn ive birth to large city centres, encourages the deve lopment of communication;
produces ra
materials for
i dustries and special food supply Jor many people. The expoet of the plantation crops is always an important source of income of the country which can be used for any purposes such as irrigation scheme and construction of school, hospi- tal, industrial building and
residential houses.
SHIFTING AGRICULTURE -
a. Relation
Shifting agriculture is carried on the hilly districts tropical and forested areas of regions of S..Asia. There abundant heat and rainfall ⠀ have produced a luxuriant ve vegetation, principally forest, but these same climate condi- tions also promote a luxuriant the original weedy growth once t vegetation is cleared away. These regions mainly have the latos lic soils whose fertility is quickly exhausted under cultivation without skilful management. This type of ma Hanagement the primitive farm- er may not be able to provide, and hence he is forced to adopt a system of cultivation
new lands for that requires temporary cultivation. Shift- ing agriculture Envi-lves the clearing of fields in the
rest and their tillage in subsistence eroa or two or three years until weeds or soil exhaustion force their abandonment. This continues un tl all available field sites convenient to the settle-
Then the ment have been used, entire population moves to a new site well removed from the earlier one and establishes a new village. settlement. old site of village and fields. quickly reverts to Forest, and after some decades it may ngaiu be cleared as new land, in a process of alow rotation during which the soil recovers Bome of ita fertility and the trouble- some weeds are crowded out by forest growth.
b. Crops grown
The
Individual furme are. emali, usually only a ew acres, and the crops are grown almost exclusively to provide food for the farm\ family. Of the grains, maize millet and probably upland O tuer rice are important. common crops are yana, mauzoc peanuts, taro, jeans, peas aud melone.
Importance
It is still a way of Lie in several forested areas in
日一廿月一十年展公年六十六國民营中
一期星
S., Asia. It provides a way of dealing with several of the severe problems such as weed and soil leaching, with which tropical cultiva-
tion are commonly faced, The agricultural system. requires less labour to pro- duce a specific amount of p
food as it is not an unsuit- able method of agriculture, where the population density is low enough to permit sufficiently long fallow periods. Moreover, burning forest helps to destroy part of pest and disease in the forest areas. questions for revision: 12. ISOTERMS OF A NEHTINENT
OCEAN
LAND
FIGH
LATITUDE
Low LATITUDE
Winter Isotherm Summer Isotherm
Above is a generalized patt- ern of distribution for summer and winter isotherma as they may apear on a hypothetical continent in the Northern Hemisphere. a. Describe the characteris- tics of summer and winter temperatures as shown by the pattern.
13.
Account for such a dia- tribution pattern,
PLAN OF A FARM
MAIN
1352
(25)
ROND
MAIN
ROAD
Wheat
Pastura Fallow
Homestead Dam
1. No. 7h brackets Shua area in hectares)
Above shows a plan of farm in the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia
a. Give a reasoned account
of the farming activities which are carried on in this farm.
What are the main char- acteristics found in this farm which cannot be found in an average farm in Hong Kong?
生物(七)
BICROGY (7).
....
梁永華
Unit 4: Transport in Organisms I Multiple Choice Questions: The following three questions refer to the following diagram below.
Section X
stained
red solution
A leafy twig with roots is placed in a beaker of coloured water, as shown. After a day, sections of root and stem are cut and examined under a low. power microscope.
1. The red spots in section X
are the
A. xylem tissue of the stem B. xylem tissue of the root C. phloem tissue of the stem D. phloem tissue of the root E. cambium tissue of the
stem
is
2. The red solution
transported up the stem by forces produced by
(1) photosynthesis (2) transpiration (3) capillarity (root pressure
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1),(#) and (4) only
(1), (3) and (4) only:
·0
D. (2),(3) and (4) only E. (1),(2)(3) and (4) 3. If a certain amount of
sodium chloride is add to the red solution, the rate of rising of the water in the stem vill A. increase
B. decrease.
C. have no change
D.
have uncertain change: E. increase at once and
decrease later.
4. A ring of bark containing.
phloem was removed from e leafy branch. A few weeks. later a swelling formeð. above the ring as shown in the diagram below.
swelling.
ring
The swelling is due to.
(1) accumulation of food (2) more active cell
division
(3) enlargement of cells A(1) only w
B. (1) and (2) only.
U (2) and (3) only
D. (1) and (3) only
E. (1), (2) and (3)
5. Another branch was similarly ringed as in 4 between two developing fruits of similar size, as illustrated below.
upper fruit
lower fruit.
Which of the following statement about the develop ment of the fruits after several days is correct.. A. The upper fruit becomes bigger since food is conducted to it.
B. The lower fruit becomes
bigger since, water is. translocated to it. The upper fruit becomes smaller since water is not translocated to it. D. The lover fruit becomes
smaller since no food ig conducted to it. 3. Both fruits are similar
in size since both obtain no food and water.
The next three questions refer to the following diagram of a section of the mammalian heart and its associated blood ves- sels.
Which vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart
3.4 0.5 D.6 E.?
A.1
7. Which vessel containe blood with the highest concentra- tion of glucose?
A.1 B.4 C.5 D.6 E.7
8. The wall of chamber 2 is
thinner than that of chamber
because
(1) chamber 3 has to pump
blood to distant organs from the heart
(2) in such case chamber 2 has a larger space for storing more blood.
(3) in such case chamber 3
can pun blood faster' to other parts of the body
A. (1) only. D. (1) and (3) B. (2) only
only.
C. (3) only B. (1), (2) and
(3).
9. Which of the following
statements about veins is always true?
A. They carry deoxygenated
blood.
13. They carry blood to the
heart.
C. They are found near the
body surface.
D. Their walls are muscular. E. They contain no valves,
Ans. 1.A 2.D
3.B 4.E 5.A 6.E 7.8 8.A 9.B