頁二第張六第二日八十月正年巳丁
1977中學會考試題預習專
明德社主編
世界史(十七)·胡顯亮·
WORLD HISTORY (17).
Account for elion in
Europe and explain its intensi- fication from the 1870s to the 1890s.
When a country pursues imperialist sòtivities (in the form of colonies, protectorate or sphere of influence), some- one must be held responsible. That someone may be the atates- man, or the merchant/industrial- ist, or the priest, or simply the man in the street. But responsibility need not be borne neatly alone by someone or soms group; it can well be shared (in varying degree of course) by all groups at the same time. That is why we have many different factors (or causes) to explain imperialism, a general world-wide phenomenon. It is to these that we now turn.
To the stateamen, be they kings, presidents, diplomats or ministers, the political and strategic factors deserved the most consideration. The Balance
Power was said to have been upset by the two unifications in 1871. To restore this balance each power competed for colonial possessions. Germany and Italy wished to prove that they were strong _aven though they were new
states. Others, already jealous of Britain's large empire, vare -alarmed by them, not wishing
to be left behind. Britain' sought to maintain what she already bad bad, a large empire, and acquired strategically located 'area to safeguard these established interests in India, China or the Australa- sian colonies. Others, seeing that Britain the giant moved
were emboldened to: ZOTE In this connection, 01-01-Pouss), strategy:
ity motives vera. rably linked and sized. British extention of control in West Africa and India after conflicts with the local tribes, and the Russian expansion to Central Asia first in order to
restall its being colonized by others, for example, were for security as much as for redressing the balance of power.
In short,' whereas. European political conflicts were “ local- ised on the Continent before, they were now, aided by new technology, "projected" to the world at large.
Tot even within the strictly political factors could be found economic implications. Statessen might well aqquire Imperialist Possessions out of economie
onsideration; these possessions
ht bring aconomic benefits
like the strategic motive, ngthened their
To this extent, the
interests coincided
rohant/industrialist'
tion created uperialist activi- Lies of rav agricultural
respectively
produse, fed industrial development and population increase, could be obtained overseas. Bane Gaze only exclusively from OVETSERS empires, like the oil and ivory of Borth and West AfriOR, rubber from Malaysia. In return, overseas colonies provided not only potential markets where European surplus goods could be gold but excellent invest- ment opportunities when-Buro- pean surplus capital could be economically used in the form of loans. In an age when pro- testionisa increasingly gained popularity in Europe, these economic benefits became all the more necessary and valuable. Equipped and therefore facilit-
WAH KIU YAT PO
郭日僑華
ated by superior: firearms and good means of communication and medicine, all products of: industrial progress itself, the merchant/industrialist depended on the statesmen for keeping a atable political environment,
with the latter dependent upon the former for enhancing national wealth.
But imperialist possessions sight bring no advantages, what- soever, whether political or economic. Just as the statesman aight colonize for national glory's sake, the merchant/ industrialist and the general people might advocate so doing because they were desply patriotio. Here the psychologi- cal faćtora (i.e. the desire for fame, power and prestige) came into play. Only the S powerful sought colonies, there- fore it was logical that those who sought colonies were thought to be automatically powerful. With Herbert Spencer populari- sing the theory of "survival for the fittest" and Friedrich Nietzsche championing brute force as the only determinant in national struggles, colonial possessions, in the eyes of all social classes, were likened to the Rolls-Royce in high society. By satisfying public denanda, governments could compensate for failure in domestic and foreign policy in Europe. The imperialist policies of France after 1871 and Italy in the 1880s were to a large extent motivated. by this prestige-seeking and prestige-compensating factor.
Culturally speaking, the Church, however; welcome imperialist activities and regarded colonies as fertile: grounds for preaching. Similar- ly humanitariana and philan- thropists were eager to civilize them. Moreover, "Racist" ideas, which stressed the superiority of the European -or Änglo-Saxon race over the "colored racesTM of the world, demanded the world he under European control. The British idea of "the white- man's burden", the French idea of "civilizing mission", all belonged to this category of mentality. Sometimes, govern- menta manufactured and spread these cultural and racial slogans themselves. Then they could pose to appear so deno- oratio as to respond to social demands and public opinion. Afterall, the brutal imperial- ist activities could really be crowned with some noble purpose.
Given all these general causes of imperialien, however, at still leaves unanswered or inadequately answered ite intensification from the 1870s to the 1890s. In this, respect, both political, economic and social factors could be dia- cerned to explain it. Politi- cally, a deadlock had seemingly been created after 1871, leaving little room for realizing
Fresh grounds outside Europe had thus to be found, where power politics continued, It was Bismarck's policy to encourage France's overseas ventures for the sake of shift- ing her attention from Europe and hence her possible revenge against. Germany. For Britain, the change to motive imperial- ist policies under Disraeli during the 1870s. served to encourage other imperialist powers, among them new and unscrupulous competitors such an Germany, Italy and Belgium, to follow without hesitation. Economically, the abandonment of free-trade and the revival of high protective tariffs in the 1870s nearly made overseas empire a must rather than a Juxury. Socially, with the spread of highly nationalistic ideas and 'the growth of mass electorates and the popular press, public concern with imperialist suocesses in some instances gave the government another way of gaining popular support and in others forced the governsent to adopt strong overseas imperialist policies. Whereas Bismarck firmly resist-
SM ambitions within
ed acquiring colonies before,
he was obliged to do so in 1882 by public agitation.
Such is the background
that explains imperialism in late 19th century Europe, what Bismarck onée called "the sporting wars",
附加數廳 (十七)
岑俊彦·
Additional Mathematics、17)
Differentiation
wosted Examples:
in the following
1. Find dy
a) xa?
b) tanxi-cosX c) 2x2+3xy-y
Solution:
dy
dx
( a2 = x2) ? _ c ( x ) + x d x (
(x2)
(a2 = x2) = x2 (a2 = x ?) ? a2 - 2x2.
Let y tar
tanx{1 cosx)
(1-cos
COSX
(1-cosx) secx+tanxoa 1
cosx) - (1-cosx) sachx.
{sinx)
(1-cosx
SE
201
tanx
2(1−cosx)+{1-cos x)cosx
2 cos x(T-cosx)*
2-cosx-cos3x
2cosx(1-cosx)
-期星 日七月三年七七九一层公年六十六國民中有教化文:
+
dx
L means just less than -7.
F means. just greater than
From the above tables, ve
Find that at x=-1, y has a minimum value of 1, and
at x = -7, y has maximum
value of 25
Exercise 11
Ans.
Differentiate the fol- lowing with respect to x*
2
b) (1-x)
1+X
c) x2 sin (3x+7) sinx + COSX
sinx=c05).
10.
(x2-4)*
Given that y
Prove that
14nxy
(x2-4) (x2+3) ·
3. If x^+y^-4a(xy2+x2y)=0,
show t
dy
that (y+2x) = x2
ax(x+2y)-y
4. 1) Find the maximum and minimum values of
4x-3
ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve"y"= · 4x-3
at thethe Point at which
it crosses that y-axis. 5. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the ellise
2-
x2+37
2a2 at the point
英文(十八)
姜榮光
Englishı
General Friglish
Agreement":
singular subject takes a singular (
The hayas Coming A
Ans.
The hove pro ime Furl is missing Several soldiers have been kilien
** And?
ing
c) 2x+3xy-y+ax-oy-5=U Differentiate with respect to x
4x+3 [(1)y+x(y))+2x+(y)+a
(
= 0
(3x+2y−6) ax = ~(4x+3y+a)
www
dx
ἀν dx a+4x+3y 6-3x-2y
Ans.
2. Find the naximum and minimum values of
x + 4
2-3x-2x
Lrt y =
dx
2
X. +
2-1X-2X) 3x-2x1
-(2-3x ~ 2x2)2 2-3x-2x2+4x2+19x+12
(2-3x-2x2)
2x2 + 16x + 14
(2-3x-2x2)2
For stationary values, put
or
= 0
2x2+16x+14
(2-3x-2x22
+ 8x + 7 = (x+1)(x+7)
x =
y =
-1\or -7
2-1+4-
2-3(-1)-2(-1)2
-7 +4
2-3(-7)-2(-7)2
1
The girl and the boy are coming.
Tigers and lions are wild animale,
The girl or the boy {hie། gnti!;
"very girl in this Class 19 clover. Everyone is, ready,. Everybody is nervcUK "very chair in this has enllapsed. "Fach"
"ach boy has been given a certificate. Each of the boys has been given a verilirea te,
There is no milk in
th Llani,
There isŪROMS milk thời tra
"Some"
Same one isou tande
Somebody has questi onest her.
Some of the books are useful.
Some of the money has neen stolen,
Some of the banknotes.
have.
ve been stolen.
or
, the
girl or the
noys are to blame. Either the love or the girl is to blame.
the verb generally agrees with the nearest subject. "Nether
nor
Neither the girl nar the boys are to blame Neither the boys nor
the ita to blame..
** The verb generally agrees with the nearest, subject.
"None"
None of us is perfect. None of thë students in my class are bored with the lesson,
"None) may take a singular verlı or
a plural. verb.
The number of and "A number (of
-The - number, að students
in the clasR IS
A number id, stie cuts zure waiting downst
13, 18 well as
The ue cher, as wel
the studegi ta,
here.
The students, as
well as the teacher,
are here.
14. Miscellaneous.
Twenty years is Long
time.
zen thousand pounds is a lot of money
twenty years
period of time.) (£10,000 = a sum
of money)
"The Empty Houses" is a well-known novel,
The family is g happy one,
The family are going to the States.
· Bread and butter is our usual orejkfast,
Answers
Comprehension Exercise
{2}
1.
2.
3. D 4
Gomprehension Exercise
One of the boys his come.
5.
One of the windows
broken.
7.
D
Note Aftertene of! the noun should be
a countable noun. the plural,
in
7. "There is), rên.
0. the
ynswers
Artreles
3.
the X
2. the
4.
the
5. X
7..
the
X
8.
10 the
tree
9. X
I. X
12.
the
no cherry
13. the
14.
the
15.
treen in my Lorden.
There is a tree in
my garden. There are three cherry trees in my garden. There ía no cherry. in the garden. There are
華文化
健社時刋
(EN)
暮秋雜感
KENNE-AREK←
·胡語何書慣?訔音好凳誤。 ***ES-BEDKE- <KLBE - RES?<«
(#)
· ERKKI-ZBERE •
賽。山达-趣鄉日月長。
HERTE...HIP
KEREN - BIKE •
(名鳳)
(B)
–
拳少白
***
隨情如水淡,來賽爆吟。 **E*--**ELE 山高過可仰上差迫不勝。 九月秋風急;天通萬用心。
←* -AUKCE » IGOR • MEESK • Y SENE JEZIKU - BENAR-KEES 蔣念固
開世畫五秧,久兵事事,歲月不改,
#
九寨品嘉事爭導。
幾摺卷祈福在鐘。
(REW )
(KEER)
(40%)
共建當同樂傳神。
(亞 胡馨生)
#--$6◊LECTE · KXES - CI
北;不忍摒棄,重心長,以之本導謝安仁
風,不亦宜乎?
(季章·樂軾昭)
批:工巧彩,讓典自如,是爲老手断。
憐埌版或證前拂。
SEEREEK -
<段 蕭君英
批:工於組織,無分流弊,符合脉體
〔七名胡麗生)
滑讓手中疑月在。
驚恐秋來。
*EKER -
(六名梁軾昭)
丞相指揮早定。
五名林櫞堆
希国投裴近湖干。
專爲驅蠅臨北案。
〔四名胡霍生)
R-ENDRA15.
我盛佳話傳江龙。
門都京酒店建設五天》 「山水」周公理
·拌將熱血染桃花。
尚有關心裡录石。
〔十名呂錦洲)
紐開急轉醚風生。
柄握輕腦炎嶲敢打 (九名伍國杰)
却笑妝前線老奴。 特緒咐下檔將。
持滋餘 客揖中。
〔八名燕君品)
(R)
<三月六日起,在某