青教佳華 頁三第張五第 日六初月二十年辰丙魔夏
1977中學會考試題預習專
明德社主編
BIOLOGY (11)
Unit FOUR: Transport in
organisms
The metabolic processes of all cells require a constant supply of nutrients and oxy- gen and a continuous removal ofwaste products. This is accomplished simply by diffus- ion in small plants and ani- mals living in watery environ- ments
Larger animals have develop- ed some system of internal transport, a circulatory system, which carries nutr- ients and oxygen to tissue
cells and removes metabolic-
wastes. It also carries hormones
from endocrine glands to their target organs.
Higher plants have develop-
ed vascular tissues to trans-
port water, mineral salts and food.
REVISION TEST 4
I Multiple choice questions:
Directions: The following three questions refer to the diagram below.
A
section
A and B
B
stained red
red ink solution
1. A leafy twig with roots
is placed in a beaker of red ink solution. After a day, tranverse sections of the stem and the root are cut and examined. The red ring of spots in "A"section is the
A. stem xylem vessels.
B. root; xylem vessels
C. stem phloem tissue
D. root phloem tissue E. pith
2. The red ink solution is
transported up the stem by the following forces:
(1). osmotic pressure. (2) capillarity (3) transpiration pull A. (1) only D.(2) and (3) B. (2) only: only
C. (3) only
E.(1), (2)and(3)
3. If a certain amount of sodium chloride is added to the red ink solution, the rate of ascending of the solution in the sten will
uncertain
A. increase D. change B. decrease C. no change E. increase at
once and later decrease
Directions: The next three questions refer to the follow- ing dagram of a section of the mammalian heart and its ass0~ ciated blood vessels.
4. Which vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart ?
A. 1. B. 4
C. 5 D. 6 E. 7
5. Which vessel contains blood
with the highest concentra- tion of glucose ? A. 1 B. 4. C. 5 D. 6
E. 7. 6. The wall of chamber 2 is
thinner than that of chamber 3 because (1)chamber 3 has to pump blood
to distant organs from the heart
((2)in such case chamber 2 has a larger space for storing more blood 3)in such case chamber 3 can pump blood faster to other parts of the body
(A. (1) only D.(1) and (3)
B. (2) only
only E.(1), (2) and (3)
C. (3) anly
7. The translocation of
manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant
is by the
A. cortex
B. xylem
C. phloem
D. endodernis
E. pericycle
WAH KIU YAT PO
8.The renal vein is responsi-
ble for carrying
A. nitrogenous wastes away
from the kidney
B. nitrogenous wastes to the
kidney
C. blood away from the kidney D. blood to the kidney
E. urea away from the kidney 9.The stem of Dodder sends out suckers or haustoria, to attach it to the host and obtain nutrients from the host and are therefore fused to the host's A, phloem tissue B. cortical tissue C. storage tissue D. vascular bundle E. photosynthesis tissues
1977中學會考試題預習專欄
明德社主角
編
地理(十一)黎仲豪・李城儺
GEOGRAPHY (11)
Answers:
14.
The type of comst shown in the sketch map is sub- merged coast (rims).
We can find in the sketch map that there are many off -shore islands which are the residual upper part of the mountain ridge before the land submerged. As the sea level rose up, the sea water covered the lower-- part of the ridges so the islands resulted.
The coastline is very ár- regular with many headlands and inlets. The rivere run vertically into the sea. Drowned, valleys which are the past river valleys covered by the up-rising sea water form estuaries. There are only narrow flat land beyond the coast. The steep slope highland lies right behind the coastal’ flat land.
The map shows the most distinctive characteristics of a rim coastline.
15.
Granite is the nest con- mon type of rock found in Hong Kong. Granite, a kind of acid igneous rock which is formed at a great depth under the earth surface with a long period for crystalli- zation. So granite in coar- se grained with feldspar, quarts, and mica as its main minerals. It has light color for it contains a high con- tent of silica. Joints can be easily found in Granite.
Granite is easily wea- thered. It is because fald- spar is known as the mate- rial in cementing quartz and mics and it is soluable in water. In summer, heavy rain -fall causes the feldspar to solve, so the other minerals in granite will break up. The broken grains will then be transported and deposit- od near the river banks and the hill foot.
Gullying ia commonly hap- pened in well-jointed gra- nite. Summer heavy downpour forms" surface runoff that Flows over the joints. Also sych runoff carries a great load of sediments including mud and sand. These sedi- ments together with the force of running water will widen and deepen the joints and gullies develop. The land surface will become rugged and letk of vegeta- tion cover because top soil and weathered materiala are washed away by the heavy rain. Thus 'badland' land- acape is resulted.
報日僑華
Since granite is so easi→ ly weathered, the height of granitic area will not be too high. Usually the height. of granitic area in Hong Kong is always under 300 à. with rounded top. Tors can usually be found over this area.
Questions for next week:
16. State the formation of
the depositional fea- tures of glacial work, and with the aid of labelled. diagrams show their characteristica.
17. Name the features shown in diagrams a and b.
State and contrast the formation of these two features and their place of origin.
Furrows Ridge
Less resistant
rock
Diagram
Resistant
rock
ridge
furrows
Resistant Rock.
Diagram
Less resistant Rock
1977中學會考試題預習專欄
明德社主编
世界歷史 (十一)
胡應亮-
WORLD HISTORY (11)
Briefly describe the political events in the summer of 1914 that finally, brought about the First World War. Examine the responsibilities of each of the Great Powers.
In June 1914, an Austrian Archduke was assassinated at Sarajevo, capital, of Bosnia- Herzegovina, a country that had been annexed by Austrią in 1908 but was contested by Serbia nearby. Serbia wished to join the region to form a Greater Serbia, since the people of both were Slavs. Austria, suspecting that Serbia was behind the assassin- ation plot and eager to re-gain lost international prestige, sent an ultimatum to Serbia. When it was rejected, Austria declared war on her. Serbia then turned for help. to Russia, the Power who championed Pan- Slavism and seized nearly every opportunity to try to expand into the Balkans. Russia mobilized her troops, not only against Austria but against Germany as well. Germany, who
一期星 日四廿月一年七七九一腊公年六十六國民體中
promised Austria support before the Austrian declaration of war on Serbia, declared war on both. Russia and France. Shortly after, the German army marched into Belgium, in an effort to attack France via the country, thus violating Belgium's neutra- lity, which meant greatly to Britain. This brought Britain into the War.
3
As the unfolding events described were diplomatic in nature, the Great Powers had each their own responsibilities Austria, for instance, was...“. responsible for an over-eager- ness to recover declining international prestige as well as to affirm her political influence/control in the Balkans, even at the risk of going into war. Every European atatesman of the time knew. local war in the Balkans could probably involve other Powers and thus lead to inevitable international
conflicts. The Eastern Question in the past and the Balkan Wars recently lent evidence to this clearly. The Austrian move against Serbia, therefore, signified her willingness to try to achieve the goal even by having to fight a war. There's nothing wrong with a dynasty struggling for its own survival. There's something wrong with a dynasty to attempt to do so without seriously. considering whether to do so would bring in other Powers -(such as Germany who supported
her and Russia who supported Serbia) and possibly give Europe an all-out war.
Had it not been Germany who backed up her, Austria would not have acted so boldly and unscru- pulously as she did. In this sense, Germany's first respon sibility lay in her unreserved support given to Austria, which was due in part to the obliga- tions in the. Dual Alliance but most importantly to Germany's desire to score a sound diplo- matic success and Germany's fear of losing Austria as an ally, indeed her only reliable ally by 1914. Germany could not afford to see her ally Austria losing, face, with Austria's great power status (thus appar- ently her "strength") under- mined. When the Russians moblized, forcing Germany to choose between diplomatic defeat on the one hand (if she gave way) and war on the other (if she fought Russia), she chose the latter. This 16 her second responsibility. Realising that France would necessarily enter the war due to the mutual-security terms of the Franco-Russian Dual. Entente, Germany anticipated France'a declaration of war on her by declaring war on France instead. This is her
third responsibility. Knowing that the only chance of winn- ing a two-front war (on the west,France; on the east,
Russia) was to move quickly, Germany planned to capture Paris in six weeks by pouring on her via Belgium, Knowing that Belgium had both strategic gic and economic importance to the security of Britain, Germany still cambled on British intervention in vio- lating Belgium netrality. This is her fourth responsi- bility. It has often been said that the aggressive foreign. policies of Kaiser William II, like naval rivalry with Britain or colonization of Central Africa, accounted for all these. These aggressive foreign policies were ground- ed on confidence in German military efficiency, such as the Schlieffen Plan devised by the German military general staff, which promised the Kaiser quick victories over France and Russia once
The war should break out. over-optimism with German military superiority and the allowing of military planners to influence (sometimes aven dictate) German state policy, this is her fifth responsibi- lity.
Russia was, however, res- ponsible for her readiness to "fish in troubled waters" of the Balkans. Since 1870 Russia gained every time she went to war in these areas.
Moreover, she was the first power to mobilize militarily, and although to mobilize did not necessarily mean war, it presented to Germany a dilen- ma between war and diplomatic defeat as mentioned earlier, especially when the Russian mobilizations were not only against Austria but also against Germany. Once when mobilizations were made, peaceful negotiation was difficult, though not impossible Also, when Serbia appealed to her, Russia failed to moderate and check Serbia, who with Russian support became more reckless towards Austria. That is another of her respon sibilities.
For France, it was once argued that the anxiety to: recover Alsace-Lorraine, which was lost to Germany in 1871, made her willing to fight a war with Germany. To achieve thia, France, not Germany, was thus said to welcome European territorial changes brought by war. Yet even if France might thirst for regaining Alsace- Lorraine, she was nevertheless not prepared to do so by force. It was only after Germany made war with her that France took up defense. If, thus, France had any responsibility in the fatal diplomatic events in the summer of 1914, it was that she did not put pressure on Russia, her ally to be more compromising and moderate towards Germany and Austria.
In the midst of all these diplomatic moves, the final outcome of which was all- Europe war, Britain had tried, though in vain, to mediate by organizing peace talks. In the main, her responsibility did not lie in any serious political miscalculations in 1914. Hers lay before the year, in that from 1870 on she was madly building up a vast over- seas empire. When other Powers expanded in the same manner, Britain considered it to be a threat to her interests and world peace. When Britain herself did so, it was for the benefits of all mankind --the "Whiteman's Burden" shouldered by the British. After 1900, Gerrianophobia (fear of Germany) grew in Britain, so much so that every German act was inter- preted as hostile and unfriend- ly to her. All these contribut-
ed to the German feeling of being encircled and threathen- ed, both overseas and contin- entally. The European Balance of Power was upset not only
by the German Unifica- tion and German industrializa. tion, as was usually argued. but also by Britain's mad colonial scramble and ita consequent international mutual distrust, fear and stress on armament as a means of self-protection,
In short, the policies and responsibilities of Britain. and France could not themsel ves be sufficient to push Europe into war. The Austrian. declaration of war on Serbia,” WOULD LIKELY create an intern- ational crisis, but a crisis might be, like other ones in the past, localised and dis- missed with tact and prudence. The Russian military mobiliza-
tions added fuel to figh already
burning crisis, but to war one must mobilize, to mobilize need not necessarily be at war. Peace through conference was not totally impossible. Only when Germany decided on declarations of war on both France and Russia and then immediately marched into Belgium was war of all Europe. inevitable. Only then was there no hope of peace. Germany's responsibilities, though controversially argued and debated eversince the First World War, were undeniable: from this angle of view, though in the German eye, threats like encirclement were real and efforts to break it by force before it was too late were justified.
Hegel puts it so well; there wouldn't be conflicts between some thing right and something wrong; conflicts. arise only when there is something right and there is also something right at the same time.