真四第張七第 日四十月一十年慶丙歷夏
1977中學會考試題預習專欄
明德社主编
英文科(八)塾榮光
ENGLISH (9)
Precis Writing
(Here is Exercise (2),
which is HKCEE 1976 English (Syllabus Language Paper
B). Important Points will be given in the next issue). Read the following passage İcarefully until you feel you haye a general understanding of it, and then answer the
question set at the end.
Although Britain's Open University, a naw venture in higher eduction there, only began teaching in 1971, its degrees are already recognized as equal in value to those of the other British universities, The Open University shares with them the aim of providing an education not merely in strictly academic fields but in other areas of value to the community.
Basically, the Open Uni- versity relies on correspon- dence courses rather then on those methods tradition- ally connected with univer- sity studies. Ats students study only in their own
homes it has none of the
usual laboratories, lecture theatres or classrooms. It has an academic staff as highly qualified as is normal elsewhere in the system. Open University facilities include what no other university operates-- a programme of special radio and television les-
sona.
In most cases, people who apply for places at the Open University are all
* adults, rather than school-
leavers, and the great majori- ty are fully employed, either in jobs or as housewives. There are no full-time Open University students at all, whereas at ordinary British universities there are relat- students.
ively few part-time, the
Students at the universit- ées of Manchester, Oxford or Edinburgh are based in one particular place. but the Open University's teaching- activities cover the whole of Britain, there is no permanent centre for students, only administrative buildings. This means, of course, thất there is no University Library for students to use.
The Open University does not follow the normal univers- ity year, which runs from October to June. The Open University year starts in January, and finishes with
an
examination in November. Furre, the year is not
into three terms, but is considered as one unit.
The administration of the Open University--and it is of course a very complex task is computer-based, to a far larger extent than is comunion in British higher edu- cation. As much as possible of the routine work is handled by computer, including (a new departure) the merking of some of the student's work; the student sends in his assign- ment by post, te computer marke it, and then operates the arrangements for sending it back to him. Such an assign- ment is known in the Open University as a 'CMA'or
!computer-marked assignment'. The Open University adminis- trative offices are central- ised in rapidly-growing build- ings in the 'New Town' of Milton Keynes
an appropriate
place for such an institutioh's headquarters.
ידי
The Open University's system of qualifying for a degree is unique among British universi- ties (though of course it is common in America and other countries). Under this system,
·WAH KIU YAT PO the student is awarded points for the courses he has suce cessfully completed, and when he has collected enough pointe is awarded the degree. This allows for another Open University innovation
the student can study for as long as he likes before
he graduates. i.e. he can work at his own pace.
In the Open University the fall-time teaching-staff are employed in a new role - not(on the whole) as individ- sals, but as members of a "course-team'; they proj (re printed texts, and television. or radio programmes, for sending or broadcasting to their students. Elsewhere in Britain, the proportion of university staff to students is about one to eight, while in the 8pen. Univeristy the pro, ortion is one full-time to cher to every one hundred and eighty part-time students an in- portant factor where costa are concerned. and this is not the only way te Open Univer- sity undergradu te is educated more cheaply
for iust.nce. expensive university buildings are unnecessary, because students live and study in their own homes. QUESTION
-
State glearly in what ways differs from the other
British/universities.
Do
NOT use more than 150 words
if you do, the extra
words will not be marked at all.
世界歴史(八)・胡亮
WORLD HISTORY (8)
How far did the Japanese inva- sion (1937-45) contribute to the growth of Communism in China?
It is argued that in gan- eral many-communist revolutions grew out of conditions created by major ward; Russia, Yugoslavia or Vietnam offered good examples. In this respect, China was no exception. The Second Sino- Japanese War (1937-45) greatly affected China's internal poli- tical developments. Although the Nationaliste succeeded in "unifying" the country in 1928 (thus becoming the legitimate government of all China), they lost it in 1949 to the Commun- ista, who in 1928 were not only weak in influence but also divided themselves. The story was dramatic. Between these years, which saw the rise of the one and the decline of the other, we!11 see how conditions produced by the Japanese inva- sion favoured the final triumph of Communism in 1949.
The Japanese invasion under- mined seriously the, Kuomintang government. Financially speak- ing, the eight-year war exhaust- ed her. Morally speaking, ex- treme bureaucratic corruption plagued the government, which dissolved her will to fight, so much so that by the end of the war soldiers and officials alike were tired of renewing further military action against the Communists. Geographically speaking, as the Nationalists were forced to retreat to western China by the Japanese, she deserted and lost control of much Chinese land on the oxe hand and many major cities on. the other, which was disastrous, since urban cities were their primary sources of financial and political support (from the gentry, landlorda, and businessmen). Politically speaking, increasing military pressure from the Japanese in part forced the Nationalists to defend against external aggres- sion rather than to crash internal Communist activities. Whereas the Nationalista stressed the domestic extern- ination of the Communista more than the national defen BQ. against the Japanese, before 1936, as made evident in the various extermination campaigna directed at rooting Communist influence in, the early 1930s, the Kuomintang co-operated for the second time with their enemy, the Communists, to face the Japan- ese during the war years, te
Thé” Communists, no doubt,
banafitted from this period of co-operation. No longer hard- pressed by Kuomintang military threats, they stayed in Shensi (6) and slowly recovered from heavy losses during the Long March (1935-6) and before it. More importantly, in the
latter years of the 1930s, they
報日僑華
一期星
"managed to break out of Shenst and expand their military and political influence through vast areas of the countryside in northern and central China at the time when the National- data: had withdrawn to the West and at the time when the pro- Kuomintang gentry-landlord clasa fled the rural areas, which destroyed the only Kuo- mintang control over the coun- tryside. The Japanese could not effectively control these rural areas that were exposed to Communist activities and in- fluence simply because they didn't have enough manpower to do so. In these rural areas, the Communiste politized and convicted the peasantry, beside conducting anti-Japanese guer- rilla warfare. Some of these activities 'spread even to the south (South China). By 1945, though the Nationalists quickly re-established formal rule over major cities, the vast country- Bide was already under deep Communist influence, with millions of peasants supporting the Communist cause..
Much of this popular support was due to the Commun- ista" "patriotic" national resistance to the Japanese, The Nationalists were condemned for their unwillingness to fight the Japanese at first (before 1936) and their inability to do so later by both modern intell- ectuale and peasants. During the war years,-thousands of students and intellectuals went to Tennan (127,where the Communista stayed) to join. the Communists. The same Japan- ese invasion therefore made the Kromintang unpopular but popu larized the Communists, when' there was urgent need to save the country patriotically. By identifying themselves with a national movement(making use of nationalism), the Communists
made themselves national leaders, spokesman for all Chinese, and finally rulers of all China in 1949.
Lastly, one must not forget that the Japanese invasion an- gaged Nationalist attention and therefore enabled the Communists to experiment on communist socio- economic reforma and guerrilla military tactics. The reforma. varied from area to area, rang" ing from oonfiscation and die- tribution of gentry land among *Land-hungry peasants to the more
moderate reductions in land rents. All these were greatly welcome by the peasants. On the other hand, military efficiency was. improved and new military tastica devised by political campaigns like ching-ping chien-cheng (
4) which reduced useless army and government bureacracy. From: 1947-49, this military superiority over the Nationaliste. which was sharpened during the war years, proved to be decis- 178.
In short, the Japanese inva- sion, beside weakening the Kuomintang government in variona aspects and thus its capability to resist the Communists later, forced the Kuomintang to retreat from vast areas of China, under- mined the power and prestige of warlords and gentry (whose support the Kuomintang depended), gave the Communists some breath- ing space in the midst of· Nationalist suppression in the early 1930s, and enabled the Communists to expand and spread their influence and control by giving them time to try out revolutionary reforms as well as military tactics. The inva- sion did not itself oraate: Communism in China; it only created favourable conditions for Communism. These conditiona did not themselves guarantee the inevitable triumph of Communian; they only helped to contribute to the takeover in 1949. By then China was turned red..
COMMUNIST INFLUENCE
NATIONALIST INFLUENCE
SHENST
YEN, N
YANTLER
CHINA FROM 1937-1945
附加數學(八 )岑俊彦
Additional Mathematics (8) Solution to Exercise. 5.
日三月一年七七九一屦公年六十六國民華中
FR
1.
Let
TA
RQ
5. X
y
?
i.e. PR: RQ =
1
y = mx +.c
چمرده
育教僑華
8
x2+(mx+c)
(1+m2)x2+2cmx+c?-r2
Since (2) touches (1), we have
(2cm)2-4(1+m2){z}
(2.1)
` = 87 = 24 = 1
2
2
d2
(i+m2)
Let R be (x, y)
x =
y =
2+(−3)r
1+1
1 + 4r
1 +..I
But R(x,y) lies on the line 3x+2y. - 6 = 0
.. 3(2-3)+2(1+4)-6-0 3(2−3r)+2(1+4r )−6 (1+r) −0
=록
R RO= 2 : 7. Ans.
2. AB • 2x+3y = 0
BC CA
• y-2x = 0
: 4x+5y-7 = 0
The equation of the line CD through C, the inter- section of BC and AC is given by
}
4x+5y−7+k, (y−2x) =0 i.e. CD:(4−2k,)x+(5+k,}y−7=0 Again BE: 2x+3y+k2 (y=2x) =0 i.e. (2-2k,)x+(3+k2) = 0
7-(4-2K1 5+k
2(4-2)
;)+3(5+k1)
CDIAB,
Since BEL AC,
!
www
=0
(3)
which is the condition
that (2) is a tangent
to the circle (1).
Now, the tangent from
(3,-2) is
-2 = m(3) + c
i.e. c2
ww
(~2~3m)2----(4))
Using (3) for circle x2+y2-4, we have
c2 = (1+m2)4 -------(5) Equating (4) and (5),
we have
(-2-3m)2
(1+m2)4
j.e. 5m + 12m
M = 0 or
=123
26
and
c = -2 or
the equations of the
tangents are
= OX
y =
* 2 and
26
x
+
5
y-2 and
= -1
12x + 5y = 26. Ans.
6.
0
k
= 23
1
-(2-2k2), 3+ K2 4(2~2k2)+5(3+k2)
=-1
=0
3333
.*. CD:{4-46)x+(5%23}y 7
=
0
= 0 i.e. 6x-4y+1 BE (2)x+(3+)y i.e. -5x+4y —0————(2) Hence, by solving (1) and (2), the point of intersection of CD and BE is (-1, 2) which is
the required orthocentre.
-Ans. 3. Let Ŕ be (h, k)
Since PQ : PQ := * 3
.*. 20 : QR = 1 2
1
P(4.1)
the coordinates of Q
is (ht, k+2)
But Q lies on the line 4y -3x-2= 0
3
2 = O 4k+8-3h-24-6 = 0 4k-3h-22 = 0
the equation of the locus of R is given by 4v-3x-
Ans. 22 = 0.
4. Let the equation of the
circle be
x2+y2+29x+2£y+c
0~
since it passes through (5.-3) and (0,6),
52+32+2(5)g+2(~3) £
and
+ c = 0
10g-6F+c = −34
o2+62+29(0)+2(6)f+c
12£ += -36--
-(1)
0
-(2)
= 0,
Since its centre (g,f)
lies on the line 2x-3y-6
.*. 2(-g)-3(-£)-6=0
-29+3=6—---
(4)
(1)-(2) 39-9=1——————_ ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (4)+3X(3): 9=-19
•*. £=-32 and c = 92. the required circle is x2+y2+2(~19)x+2(−32)y
+ 92 = 0
i.e. 3x+3y2-114x-64y+276
= 0.
Ans.
Dan
Let the equation of the tangent be
y = mx + c, and m = 2
y = 2x + C -
x2+y2-5
and x"
·(1)
ལ
-5 = 0~-~~-~-(2)
x2+(2x+c)2=5 = 0 5x2+46x+c2-5
Since (1) is a tangent to (2), we have (4c)2-4(5)(c2-5)
c2
= 25
= 0
C =
5
the required equations of tangents are
y = 2x + 5 and
Ans. y = 2x - 5 Let the Point of con- tact be (h,k), and this Point lies on tangents y = 2x
5.
k = 2h 5 -- in
But ()(2)=-1
-(3)
2
2k = -h
-(4) Solving (3) and (4), we have k = 1 and h =
the points of con- tact are (-2,1) and (2,-1).
7.
Q
Ans.
a2
Given: x2+y2 = centre, o(0,0), radius=a x2+y2-2ax=0,- centre,
c(a,c), radius = Let P be (h;k) Now, PT,
2
=
*
PT Similarly,
022
a
OT, 2
(h2 + k2)-a2
=√(h-a)2+k2-a2 We have PT,
=
=
4PT
2
4h-a)2+k2-2
h2+k2-a2
=
16(h2-2ah+a2+k2-a2) 15h2+15k2-32ah+a2 = 0
the_required locus of P is give by
15x2+15y2=32ax+a2=0•
Ans.