1.Asa背大動脉,6.背上腺,穿動肫 茂生重吸收作用将其中葡萄糖等重
d腎臟,e輸尿管,f膀胱尿道吸回要
其四第張五第日五月四年丑樂屬廠
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑茶
-期星
罗僑榮
1978
序列出此三层腦膜名称 (D)大腦分為
三上期答案
日七月五年三七九一座公年二十六國民華中育教備僑華 “中,当流送到细尿管近球弯曲管,便
藉 联接,差将大腦剖闻,可見外层呈
所在,称為__ 内部呈
瀘,称為
大下腔大静脉,背静脉
遠球弯曲管部,营生分泌作用纏繞
中文中學會考試題預習專欄
大腦的功能可區分為三大區域
2)a皮膜,皮部錐碎d肾盂
生物科 (廿八) 梁景垣 本期溫習内容:
試填云各區的名称,
1.續上期神經系統
二本期練習題:
1下圈為神經原的模式構造图
(如字云图中各部名称
I
PH
Bf為膀胱有暫時貯藏尿液之用
之微血管继续分泌尿素等废物入 细尿管中至此已增濃成尿液,流
e輸尿管,f入球動脉,又微血管球 入集尿管中
长云球勤脉之鮑氏囊内壁,尿素溶液原為無色無臭的溶液但 長細尿管、微血管加静脉集果茶久之,則由於分離氮素细菌的作用使 旧部与手部構成的空心球囊 尿素分解而生成氨逸出,故此有刺
做包氐囊(Bowmane Capsule)
激性臭味. 由包氏囊包圍着g部(微血管球 或 4.脊骨髓的構造,後中裂 呌骨小球)合称之為馬尔壁基厎球
corpuscle).
3 下图為兔腦外形的背面及側面图 (Malpighian enpacts).
h
(B)不經原包括那两部構成
(C)神經原有那兩類突起?”
這兩類突起有何區別
A宝云图中各部名
(1)g部有何功能? 子部又有
何意義.
2下圖為人類腦部的中央切面图
B.g為意麼?伸展分佈於何處
害云图中各部名称:
om.
(B)大部如受到損害時,即時致人於死
其原因何在?对部有何功能。
(C)腦具有三層腦膜,自外而内依次
1973英文中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務科 (廿八)
Economic. & Public Affairs (28)
WHILE ADVERTISING RESULTS IN CON SIDERABLE WASTE? IES ELIMINATION. WOULD ALSO RESULT IN WASTE. DISCUSS.
∵For Tong, the justification of . advertising has aroused many a
quarrel among economists, producer -s and consumers. The attack on advertising falls on the argument. that it is a waste. to society. while the defenders of it maintain. that its elimination would also. result in waste. Both sides of this argument, when taken together. seems to be a contradictory opini- on on advertising. The approach to such a statement: would best be to analyse the e two parts separate- ly and then we shall find out to what extent is this statement valid.
Now we come to discuss the first part of our statement, that is,
whether advertising results in considerable waste. First, it should be noted that advertising is a means by which producers and sellers try to promote sales of their products. Their aims are to Bell as much as possible under the profit maximising or revenue maximising constraint. Sometimes, they may try to get rid of their 'out-fashioned stocks or unsold.
goode in order to reduce the cost of storage. Advertising, then, is used by producers and sellers to persuade consumers to buy. advertisements, they try to tell consumers how good their producte
In
f g
A 害云图中各部名称
B試简略说云膝反射之傳遞过 C何以脚氣病者膝反射不出現? 5.解釋下列各词之異同
(A)交感神经与副交感神经 B.腦神经与 脊神经,C 神經擷抗与肌肉撷抗
are.
In this case, false informat -ion may be supplied to consumers because some producers are too anxious to get rid of their pro- ducts. Although it is restricted by law to give true information in. advertisements, the element of exaggeration can hardly be elimin ated. As consumers are more. or Less ignorant of what they buy, they have to rely on advertisement -s in making choices. Thus, it is easy for them to 'be falsely persuaded to buy something Less useful than what is promised in advertisements. They suffer losses. in this way...
On the other hand, as a con- sumer buys more of a product, the marginal utility of that product decreases, while the marginal utility of what he has sacrificed increases. So he suffers a net 109s. Advertising then, creates a misallocation of expenditure on. the side consumers and prevents. them from maximi sing total utility
Second, we shall consider the loss on producers incurred by advertising. The cost of adverti- sement is high. Producers need to pay a huge amount of money to advertising agenta in order to have their products introduced end repeated in newspapers, ma.ga- zines, radios and televisions. This means that the average coat of that product is increased by the amount of advertising expendit -ure per unit. And this addition- al cost is unnecessary. If the burden of this coat is not parti- ally or totally borne by consumers. in the form of higher prices, it is to be absorbed by the producere
Third, we shall consider the impact of advertising on the economy. It should be noted that the higher the quantity of pro- duction, the smaller the cost of advertisement per unit. This
心上图中九部集尿管部分含尿素最多
而图中加部静脉所含尿素成分
最
賞
背根结
背根
腹根
中央管前中講
灰質
脊髓的主要功能有两方面。 d重吸收作用:血液在馬尔壁基球過
((A)反射作用(B)傳導作用,傳入之刺 濾云水分葡萄糖氨基酸無機盐及
激一方面,絰脊髓灰質部反射,另一 一部分维他命等,進入包氐囊再進入 方面,絰白質之神經纖維將刺激
细尿管往下流送,但在细尿管之意 傳入大腦。 曲部纏着微血管,因此就尿管
·弯曲部被管壁細胞將上部的榮 养吸收轉送入微血管這種現象 称為重吸收作用,当然尿素,尿酸等 代謝廢物則不會被重吸收. 3.尿素之生成,蛋白質在细胞中代谢 分解,结果生成水,二氧化碳和氢等底 物,隨即生成碳酸铵,經血液輸送 入肝中与某些酶的作用而生成尿素 故此尿素是在尿生成, 尿液之生成尿素尿酸盐、肌酸
酐等代謝廢物由血液学到腎臟 在馬氐球中經過濾作用,因此能洛 於血中之养粉→鹿物一同被击成 為稀薄液絰鮑氏囊而入细尿管
proakw4魷
creates in economy of scale in advertising and indirectly on.
Consequently, advert as a barrier to new The waste it incurs to the economy may be colossal.
ising entry.
Further; advertising is done through an agent (usually an advertising company). These agents employ a large number of experts, artists, psychologists and other staffs. On a macro- "economic point of view, these
people are unproductive in the economy, they can be used in other fields more beneficial to the society as a whole.
Now we shall come to the other part of the statement, that the elimination of advertising would also result in waste. Following the abolition of adverti -sing system, consumers will have no information on the products they buy. They know nothing abou the quality of the product, its uses, advantages or defects con- pared with other products. Even if they have the idea of what they exactly are to buy, they must adopt a trial and error policy in selecting different brands: this case, they may lose their money in selecting an inferior product. This constitutes a severe loss on the consumers. themselves and would indirectly reduce the consumption of other
This really deserving products. is a waste on the economy as a whole.
On the producersi side, absen− ce of advertising makes it more difficult to sell their products if the market is competitive. Even if he has improved the quality of his goods a lot, it is impossible or at least takes a long time for
As the consumers to realize it, a result, producers are reluctant to initiate. They are unwilling
5.当動物体感受外界一项刺激,便直接经 由反射弧的傳遞,由脊髓考生反應 而產生適当的動作或分泌,這種現 象称為反射,因此反射就是对一次 刺激度生直接的,本能的,迅速的简 單的反應,而不經大腦皮层,故此 反射是可以預期反應之营生 反射過程:皮膚感受器接受刺激產生神 經衝動,經向心神經纖維傳入经背 而至背根结的感觉神经细胞体復由 其軸突傳入脊髓灰質部經突触及 联络神经原之傳遞至孝動神经系, 再由其軸狀突將神经衝動经腹 根脊神经離心纖維而傳至反應 器蒼生肌肉收缩或分泌等反應,
to spend money in market researcu, product redesign, improvement of quality or even to keep prices reasonable. In this way, the loss to society is great as little improvement is made over time.
Advertising creates brand loyalty. If advertising is aboli− shed at this stage, a famous brand will remain dominant, for everym body knows a lot of it. Other brands can no longer compete with
So it by way of advertisement. in the shortrum, a monopoly is : erected and maintained. This
would be a loss to our economy.
Besides, advertising allows the survival of newspapers, radios magazines, and television-programr -es supplied to us at a low price. Thus it indirectly supplies us free recreations, cheap news and mowledge: On the other hand, it promotes sales and so stimulat-
This es economic activities. maintains full employment product- ion level.
Meanwhile, it is possible to admit the validity of the state- ment that advertising causes a dilemma on whether to accept its existence or to bring it to nought. The statement is by no means contradictory as it first appears. Advertising is not after all evil. It all depends on the market in- stitution and on how we use it. It is not as a promotion tool. surprising then, that some commun ist countries have tolerated the "practice of advertising to a
certain degree in recent years. Finally, it is imperative to realise that the evils of adverti
·sing can be reduced, if not. eliminated by government policies such as forbidding false propagan. da given by advertisers, so as to protect the interests of the consumers.