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HISTORY LESSON NINE

Suggested Answers To Exercise Eight

1971 中學入學試試題預習專欄

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Lesson Nine. Far East"

Topic Four Development of China Lowaras a mode

State up to 1911.

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Foreign encroachments and domestic repesong the early 1860s mode China realize the read for refoma. Self-Strengthening was the slogan of the period up to 1895, it may be su11 that the foundation-stone of Chires a future nocum) zetor was laid in the 1860s, 7 th the setting up af

Taungli Yamen (1061), the lara tine Our Lons, service (1861), and the Tung-men Kuar (1862) fon ucally, the 1960s, was also rejoiced by the, unese &s the period of Restoration. It refers cf Emperor

to the reig

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The second treaties af 1860 Turner opened up China" to foreign influence and trade. Firetly, missionary activities in the interior fans

increased considerably. Secondly more treaty ports. weze opened to foreign trade; lost of these Ireuty porta were open to foreign residor as. Pereigners could rent land in such treaty porta from the Chinese Government and these rented areas were Krow us

concessions. As time went ch, these concessions- grew into foreign settlements under foreign consular control (with their own police force, minit cipal govemment, their own taxation and ev tra territoria) rights for foreigiera), The city that pre» most quickly to, an International Settlement was

1. Απόγ C. Shanghai

3. Tientsin De Canton

É. Hankow

Self-strengthening and early industrialization sol Chiria proved to be unsatisfactory. In the followink list, four statements about self-strengthening and Le dustrialization are true. The only UNTRUE 9 ta temerits. A. The failure of self-strengthening was revealed by

China defeat in the Sino-Japanese lar (1994-1895)

B. Modernization and industrialization was not under-

taken on a national concerted level. With mostly regional efforts,

In organizing economic modemization projects, the Ching government and enthusiastic regional officials used the formula of government supervision and mer- chant operation'' (kuan-tushang-pan)..

D. The most enthusiastic leader in modernization and

Industrialization was Li Hung-chan

E. The efforts of industrialization were meaninglese

because China only achieved military Wastemization

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Defeat in the Sino-Japanese War had grest ffects on Chine. Patriotic scholars memorialized to the throne advocating reforms. Thus began the Reform Movement "of 1895 to 1898. These scholars, and their memorials were given no great attention until 1898, when Kang Yu-ei finally rose to power. From 1895 to June 1898, things. gradually turned to the reformers: favour which finally culminated in Kang Yu-wei's rise to power. The following atatements about this period are true EXCEPT

This period saw the revolutionary rise of the scholar gentry political associations or "study societies", Lang. Ch 1-ch'so edited the reform jouma) (Shih- pao) in Shanghai, advocating political and in- stitutional reforms..

C. These radical scholar-reformers advocated their pros

grammes of reform more for their personal interea va than for national self-preservation.

D. This period coincided with the beginning of imperialist.

nations scramble for concessions in China.

2. The crisis created by Germany's seisure of Kiaochow

and Taingtao (1897) provided the chance for Kang's riar to power because reforms seemed the caly means of saving China.

The Bundred Dare Batom (June 11 to Sentember 21, 1898).

was the golden days of the radical reformere. However, to failed. The following are a list of reasons for its failure. Picked out the FALSE statement. -

A. It failed because the reformers were too idealistic, their

programmes containing too many things to be done.

It failed because they faced too grest conservationi opposition.

C. It failed because the Manchus were alarmed by the fact

that all the reformers except the emperor were Chinese.

D. It failed because of its anti-monarchist progremmes. E It failed because the reformers gained little appeal. and

annnort by threatening too many interest-groups.

While China was tom internally by domestic politica about reforma, she was weakened by imperialist exploitation in the scramble for concessions from without. The treaty- system was now replaced by the imperialist policy of de- manding concessions and spheres of influence. Following "ermany's seizure of Kisochow (1897), fussia occupied Port Arthur, Britain Weihaiwei, and France

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Imperialist penetration in China took on various forms and means. The powers used loans, railway rights, lessen areas, reduced tariff, rights of local jurisdiction, of police power, and of mining exploitation to create their apheres of influence in China. Then pick out the FALSE statement below.

F. Grest-power rivalry was chiefly responsible for the rapid maneuvers of the powers in their scramble. all the participating powers variously challenged, 83513ted, forestalled, and co-operated with one another to take advantage of China,

No power followed a straight and single course of

action because each power was influenced by all the

OWICIS.

There wan a certain degree of alliance among the European nations in robbing China, eg. the Franco Russian combination.

1. The powers scrambled because they hoped to forestal.

Japan's ambition on China.

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Disasters for China did not etop there. Soon, the Boxers Rising (1900) brought another disaster to China. Already indermined by the imperialist scrambles, China was inflicted with another fatal wound. By the Boxer Protocol (1901); China was forced to the payment of a staggering indemnity (to be paid from various customs and salt revenues in gold over forty years) of

P. 450 million taele 550 million taals

R. 650 million taels T, BSU MILLI

taela S. 750 million tsels

(225721

(19)10

(水機運星期一、三、五刊出)

9. Borever events were setting towards greater changes, China's modernization was on its way, Imperialist aggression and the Boxer humiliation made the Ching government realize the need for further reforms if the regime wanted to survive. The last decade of the Ch'ing (1901-1911) saw a period of refom and reconstruction which unexpectedly led to a revolution. The way was thus paved for China's modemization.” In education, a new tum arrived in

when the traditional examination system was abolished. When the Ministry of Education was created.

R. when a modem school system was introduced- 5. when the imperial University was set up. T. alien missionary schools began to complete th

government schools.

10. Militärily, China began her mademization, the pan

that emerged with his command of the best, troops at that time (the Pelyang Army) was

P. Ļiu Kun-Ą

Q. Jung-lu

R. Frince Ching

S. Yuan Shih-kai

T. Li Hung-d

Meanwhile, administration reforms were carried out. by the central government. Important departments were becoming nature. Pick out the FALSE information below.

A. The Taungli Yamen became a full-scale Ministry

of Foreign Affairs.

B. The Ministry of Police was set in

C. A central bank was fomedite

D. The Board of War was expened into the Amy (inistry.

EA Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce ener

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