頁二第張四第
日九廿月九年戌庚服宴
WAH KID YAT PO
1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄
新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT
PRESS
化學科
(-)
LESSON ONE.
28th Oct 1970
This series of revision tests is prepared for students sitting Tor "the subject of CHEMISTRY in the Hong Kong General Certificate "ol Education. Examination (English),
The atm of examinations is to test attainment and ability These are measured in terms of marks scored at an examination Every candidate must therefore aim at writing solutions which will eam high.marks. Working through: exercises. and questions similar to those set by the examiners is one and indeed may well besthe best way to gain this experience. It is precisely for this purpose. that the present series of revision tests has been prepared
The Syllabus for this subject is quoted for your reference
1 Introductory investigations.
The states of matter and their inter-conversion Laboratory tech- miques, including the collection and handling of gases. The use an construction of the busen and simple balance Simple determina ions of melting points and boiling points Distillation. fractional distillation and crystallization as methods of purification The us of physical constants as a menas of identifying substances and of testing their punty.
Solution futration. washing. evaporation. sublumation, drying erc Physical change
∴ Au and oxygen.
The air and oxygen and the nature of burning Ignition temper
ature. The sandy or burnung of elements in the ar.
Chemical change.
The composition of the aus
Preparation, properties and uses of oxygen
The burning of elements in oxygen and a first introduction to activity series for metals Acidic and basic oxides examined by Jitmus. A
The commercial preparation of oxygen from liquid au
3. Water and hydrogen:
Water, as a product of puming, may be an oxide of.hydroger: The action of the metals potassium, sodium, calcium, magnes iim and iron on water (steam); and a further reference to the metal activity series
"Preparation; properties and uses of hydroger
· · The electrolysis of acidulated water using platinum eiectivuCs.
Purification of water
Conditions for the rusting of ron and methods of prevention
Acids bases and salt:
Characteristics of acids, bases and saits Common acids and bases Indicators.
The action of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid
(1) Metais-magnesium, zinc. iron, lead copper
(ii) Metallic oxides- magnesium zinc lead copper
(ii) Metallic hydroxides- sodium; potassium.cadcrum
magnesium, zinc copper and ammonium
(iv) Metallic: carbonates-sodium: potassium.calcium, mas
nesium, zinc, copper
Solubilities of the hydroxides of the above metals in water, acid and alkali The effect of heat on these hydroxides. .
The preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation
Methods of naming salts and the techniques for obtaining good crystals
The action of heat on hydrated copper sulphate, washing soda baking soda, hydrated magnesium supihate, hydrated iron suit phate, carbonates of calcium, magnesium. zinc, copper and lead. nitrates and a few saits which show no decompostion: Water of crystallization, deliquescence efflorescence. drying agents. hygroscopic substances
5. Carbon dioxide and cabonates,
Chalk (limestone and marble). quicktime and slaked lime, time water Uses of hime
Carbon dioxide: its preparation, droperties and uses:
karoon acid:carbonates and bicarbonares They preparations. properties and uses Tests for Carbonate and bicarbonate
The manufacture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate cby The Solvay process and by the solution of carbon dioxide un
soduum hydroxide solution
Invesngation of non-metallic elemeus
My Carbon:
Allotropes charcoal, graphite diamond etc Their occurrence
· properties and uses The combustion of
of graphite. in oxygen. Carbon
monoxide
(D) Chlorine
and its properties
"Hydrogen cniorue; its preparation ang properties the proper. ties of its solution in water and in toluene, including electrical conductance.
Chlorine:jts preparation by oxidahon.
drochloric acid
The properties au uses or chionne
The electrolysis of brine al ordinary temperatures leading to the manufacture of sodium hydroxide
The electrolysis of fused sodium chloride
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The chiondes.of ammorium. sodium potassium calcium.zing
iron copper lead and silver Their preparation properties and uses Tests for chloride, bromide and rodid
'e's Sulphur
Occurrence allotropes. smpte properties and uses.
Hydrogen sulphide, its preparation and properues Test for sulphide
Supihur dioxide its preparation, properties and uses.
The properties of stalphunc acid both pure and diluted, and. ts manufacture by the contact process Its use as a non volatile acid liberating more volatile acids from chlorides and nitrates. Tests for sulphate and for sulphut
(d) Nitrogen and its properties
The laboratory preparation of ammonia and its properties
Uses of ammonia and its synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen Ammonium salts. their simple properties and us
The taboratory preparation of nitic acid and an outline of its manufacture from ammonia' The properties of nitric acid, dilute
as an acid and more concentrated as an oxidizing agent. Its.act
tor on magnesium to give hydrogen, and on coppe
A simple comparison of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen di oxide
The preparation of potassium, sodium, ammonium, and teao. nitrates and the use of potassium and ammonium nitrates in ex: plosives and of ammonium rutrate as a fertiliser (nitro-chalkì Tests for nitrate
The general properties on non-metals and their differences trom
-metals
Investigation of metallic elements
Potassium: sodium, calcium magnesium, alumiutim, inc, iron、 "copper and fead.
The reactionsof the above metals towards air. water (steam) and acids"
Reduction of the oxides of the above metals by carbon, hydrogen: and carbon monoxide Extraction of iron by the blast furmace: Flame tests for sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper rons Simple tests for copper Aron and von on:
The liberation and punfication of metals by electrolysis
The chief uses of magnesim, atumuuum, ziric, iron, copper and. lead
The composition and uses of the following alloys-steels, brass. solder, type metals and durafunmin. Manufacture of steel by the converter process The simple reasons for the use of these alloys preference to the metals from which they are made
The general physical and chemical properues of metals.
Theoretical chemistry..
Elements. compounds, mixtures
The laws of conservation of mass-energy of constant composition: and of múltiple proportions ⠀
The nature of matter evidence leading to particle theories, experi ments to test these. diffusion and Browman movemen
Atoms and molecules. Symbols for atoms Interpretation of the: above laws in terms of atoms Relative massess of atoms Atomar weight scale:
Isotopes...
Percentage composition of simple compounds leading to lux raud of the numbers of atoins present, The deduction of simple formula: Oxidation states and numbers.
The gram-atom; the gram-formula and mote Avogadro's number. Chemical equations.
The study of gases.
The laws of Boyle and Chairles. Gav-Lussac and Avogadro.
Atomicity of gases..
General gas equation.
The relation between the vapour density of a gas and its molecular weight The molar volume
10 Quantitative work
standard solutions of hydrochloric acid, natic acid, sulphunc aciu acetic acid, sodium (potassium) hydroxide, sodium (potassium):
·bicarbonate and the relevant titration work and simple calatulations Chemical equations and the quantitative information obtainable from an equation, icluding the volumes of gases evolved
t Rates of reaction and energetics.
blementary treatment of the ractors affecting the-rate of a chems cal reaction
Chemical equitibnum
Energy changes during......
Thermochemical equations, using ▲ H notation
Electrical energy from chemical reactions
12. Electrolysis
Ine conduction of electnc current by substance..
Electrolytes and non electrolytes, simple on theory
The three classes of substances:
(a) those conducting when molten or in solution
(b) those that de no conduct:
(d) substances not themselves conductors but which form conduc
ting systems on postcT with water.
Qualitative companson of conductances of molar solutions of strong and weak acids and bases
Qualitative and quantitative investigations of electrolytic pheno meha, kaming to estimates of relative charges on tons The Fara day as the male of electrons
fons as chargedpartacles formed from atoms or groups of atoms、b loss or gain of electrons
The electrochemical series and its relation to the metal activity
series
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Homologous series as illustrated by alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and
acids
farty as
The study of the structure and properties of alkanes. alkenes. al. cohols and fatty acids
Structural isomerism..
Laboratory preparation of methane, ethene (ethylene) an acetic acid from ethanol, ethanol by fermentation :
Tetrahedral distribution of bonds fro the carbon atonis Use of molecular models:
Concept of polymerization to form giant molecules
14. Structure of atoms. ions and molecule
Prorons, neutrons, electrons Introductron to electronic.contigura tion. A simple account of the atomic structure of the elements of ätomic numbers 1-20 fi.e up to calcium):
Electron transfer Crystals formed from ions Precipitation.fonics: 'equation:
clectron sharing. Molecules.
The difference between normal chemical charges and nuclear changes The energy liberation associated with the changes