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增城同鄉會學校
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,以谋訓練工業入材,又最近由美國基 支持在一 , 香非政府最近大北倡號學校,工業專科學校氣氛被向熱。
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堅道英文書院主編
生物科 (三)
BIOLOGY (3)
FAnswer to the questions of last weeks
3. Make a fully labelled drawing to show the external
and Internal structure of an Amoeba. Briefly describe the process of reproduction of this animal
-Ectoplasm
Endoplasm.
· Contractile Vacuofe
•Food Vacuole Nucleus ®
-Protoplasmic
-Pseudopodiam
A diagram shows the external and internal Structure of an Amesba,
Amoeba reproduces asexually by s
(d) Binary fission an adult amoeba divides into
two, by lengthening its nucleus into two halves and its protoplasm breaks into two aqual parts which is distributed between the two young amoebae.
(11) Encystment - In an unfavourable condition, the emosba may draw in all its pseudopodia and secretas á capsule to surround itself as a preventive messure against drought. It remains; active or may be blown about like a particle of dust. Under moist condition the amoeba bursts out and takes up active life again. (iii) £pore formation - When the amosba is encysted '
then also display the ability to lose life, Most living organisms, plants or animals, must have a fairly definite span of lifs. Although
Ane
a simple unicellular animal, the amoeba, may reproduce by a simple division of itself into two or more new ones yet it may die accidentally or of starvation in the surrounding environment.
. During the process of spore formation, the: nucleus of amoeba divides into small nuclear masses each of which is then surrounded by the cytoplasm forming many spores. When the cyst (breaks each spore runs out to begin its new
Make a clear, fully labelled sectional diagram to show the gross structure of the body of a Hydra. Describe the methods of nutrition and reproduction, under adverse conditions, of Hydra. By means of simple diagrams illustrate the methods by which Hydra moves.../
Tentacle -Mouth -Hypostome
-Nematocyst
-Ectoderm
-Mesozloea
A sectional diagram of Hydra
Nutrition in Hydraf
Hydra feeds on small aquatic living organisms or insects such as water fleas. If the prey swing near to the tentacles of the hydra it may be caught by the tantacies and held paralysed by th mamatoblast. The tentacles have the ability to sweep the prey to the mouth into the anteron where. enzymes from the secretory cells of the endoderm dienolve: the food into pieces. The first stage ot digestion in the enteron is termed extracellular digestion since it takes place outside the calle,
The flagella of the nutrioive cells of the endoderm set up a current of water and draw the food particles into the cells in which food vacuoles are formed and complete digestion takes; place. The second stage of digestion is called intracellular digestion. Any undigested remains are egeated through the enteron out of the mouth by the water current set up by the flagella. Reproduction in Hydra i
Hydra performs asexual and sexual reproduction. (1) Asexual reproduction (budding):
Under, favourable conditions hydra will reproduce by budding, An elevated bulb appears half-way along the body of hydrá, The bulb extends in length and in size with a hollow. space inside being continuous with the enteron of the parent hydra. At the extreme end of the bulb, tentaclea grow up from the periphery, while the base of the bulb becomes constricteds: Afterwards, the mouth breaks through the free end, and the bulb suddenly separates from the parent at the constriction point. A young hydra is produced and awims off to live ite own life.
(ii) Sexual reproduction - Hydra is a hermaphrodite.
The testes usually develop in the upper part of the cylindrical body. When ripe, aperas are produced and swim to the ripe ova in the ovarye The ovary is in the lower part of the body. When ripa, ova are produced and hang freely in the water, suspended from the parent, by", a strand of gelationous material.
When the ripe sperms meet the ripe cva, fertilization is said to take place. The
·fertilized eggs, protected by a thick wall of chitin, sink to the bottom of the pond. The young hydra grows and develops inside the covering. Later the young animal emerges by breaking through the chitinoue covering. A mouth and tentacles are developed at one end. the hollow mass of young hydra. The parent hydra usually dies after the completion of fertilization. This type of sexual reproduction usually occurs in adverse conditions, Movement in Hydra:.
Hydra moves in response to external. stimuli. The types of movement in hydra rel (1) Swimming - Hydra can swim by undulating
movements of its tentacles. When it is- attached to some water plant it is continually siying, bending and aweepine ite tentacles and cylindrical body_ water.
【11) Leogang – The nydra body is bent over
until the tentacles touch the surface on, the water weed to which it is fixed, so thati the hydra is bent in the shape of Loop. Then the basal disc releases its hold and marches forward towards and near the tentacles. The tentacles are then released and away up. The animal walke along the water weed in this way,
Direction of movement
Somersaulting Movement
(iv) Simple contraction and relaxation — Tha Bendoderma) and ectodermal cells of the/
hydra are able to‘contract and relax ad. that, in this way, the tentacles or the cylindrical body are able to shorten and] lengthen in a longitudinal phase,
Queations for this weekr?
I write on the line at the right of each atatement the number preceding the word or expression that best completes the statement.
Amoeba, has-no definite shape because its shape changes when it pushes out and withdrawal
pseudopodia (4) ectoplasm (5) andoplasm
1 contractile vacuolas (2) food vacuoles:
The protoplasm of an "amoeba is divided inte (1) nucleus and cytoplasm (2) ectoplasm and endoplasm (3) protoplasmic membrane and nucleus (4) pseudopodia and cytoplasm (5) food vacuoleg and cytop
2.
The main funotion of the contractile vacuoleg in an amoeba du to regulate the (1) augar (2) oxygen (3). waste product日 (4) water (5) food content of ate bady.
30
Tha
type of asexual reproduction found in an amoeba is called (1) binary fission
(C) fragmentation (3) conjugation (4) budding.
regeneration
In the ohloroplast band of spirogyra there are Foundad bodies called (1) proteins (2).foody vacuoles (3) starch grains (4) contractile
·vacuolen (5): pyrenoids.
5-5.
Spirogyra is a multicellular filamentous alga. The nutrition in spirogyra is typically
holophytic (2) holozoio (3) parasitic (4) saprophytic (5. symbiotic, 6 Tha digestion in a hydra takes place in its
(a mouth (2) hypoetone (3) gland cells (4) nematobiaate (5) enterone
At one end of a hydra's body there are six or seven processes known as (1) buds (2) testes (3) ovaries (4) tentacles (5) flagella,
Hydra often grows Beveral bude on its body wall The bud resembles the parent in having
(1) ovaries (2) testes (3) flagella (4) tentacles (5) nematoblasti
10. Locomotion in a hydra is mainly brought about
by the (1) tentacles (2) basal diac (3) flagella, (4) hypostoms (5) cilia.
10.
11. Nutrition in a hydra ie typically (1) holophytip:
(2) Parasitic (3) saprophytic (4) holozoic
symbiotic.ne
11.
02. A type of belle present in the endoderm of hydra that take part in digestion ars. (1) Benmory cella (2) nerve cells:
(3) interstitial cells. (4) gland cells (5) musole-tail cells,
Endoderm
•Testis
•Enteront
・Flagellum
Ovary
Ovum
Basal disc
Direction of movement
Looping Movement
(iii) Somersaulting movement - The hydre may wturn heäd over heels", The basal disc turns a somersault so as to grasp a support on the far side of the tentacles, The body assumes the normal upright situation,
11. Briefly describe the process of nutrition in the
following living organisme :
An amoeba
A spirogyra
o) A named intestinal animal parasite
(d) a named waprophyte:
III. (a) Kaks large labelled drawings to show the
structure of Nucor and of spirogyra. (b) Show the similarities and differences between
mucor and spirogyra with referenos to their methods of reproduction,