宾教華 真三第张六第 -WA-IRCML WAH KIU YAI
PU
報日僑華
1969
生物科
(廿四)
·DE•
BICLOGY (24)
Answer to the questions of last week!
1. What are the main functions of a spinal coau.
associated with the co-ordination of the nervous system? Make a labelled drawing of a typical spinal cord as seen in cross-section and give an account of its structures shown by your
drawing
The main functions of a spinal cord are:
to conduct the impulses between the brain and. the various parts of the body, ie, în voluntary actions, the spinal cord serves 28 bridge to transmit nervous impulses from the receptor organe to the brain.
(11) to control over many reflexes. i.e, in reflex actions, the spinal cord receives nervous impulses and ends off impulses to the effecto organs to give automatic responses
The diagram below is a typical spinal cord. showing in CrOBB-Bections
Dorsal horn of
grey
matter
a Dorsal
Root
Dorsal root ganglion
Sensory Organ
Central Canal
-Afferent. fibre
known as the knee jerk. The whole process of this reflex action is that the extensor (the muscle) for raising the leg is stimulated when the patellar ligament is tapped, such a
stimulus passes through a ráflex centre along the afferent fibre to the spinal cord and ba ok along the afferent fibre, thus causing the muscle to contract.
Spinal Cord Grey ma
Synapse
Motor Neuron
Efferent fibre to extensor
Flexer
creogram to illustrate knee jerk. Note that patellar ligament in
extensor muscle
四期星日七十月四年九六九一腒公年八十五國民泰中
繇續收及養
Sensory
Dorsal ganglion
星臻年外包
期小较,實月
•Afferent fibre
from extensor
Extensor (Muscle)
patellar
育華僑華
高級班
學,樸思務瀜若缺。約半
學
辦第二屆蔬菜種植賽 敎署計劃在本年夏季
-多染的优商節及清明節
假期。在學校的著一刻
上道英文書院的
| EKOTEUR •± 一擁下,各班學生品加多
(RE)PRIN
......... (EAU) BUN Z·· ÕNNU - DERIN FORESEEIX-
·十五間小厨準備參加比賽 會及香翡國際獅子致署爲此 牛奶公司及南日報 ,學生們接得可貴的實
| RUIXEREMEN
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HELSEKTET
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薪,會於去年姊合舉辦,辦第二类種積比率
比賽,參美小臣有十五學生參加比賽云,
期亮,被合唱團在學校 SUSIKERE 立已有大半年,平時每 何利用繳破器材從富网夏率,依照上届善法等,離生自願參加基成的二 國完嶇,完本月十九日 之第三届學生質聚展點 明滋如何風格蔬菜及如非陆成功,鹳骑在本年際知叢。由中一至中三人,梁稷在去年六月受」最狹日俱增。他投藥行 :六十六在恩策導下,校務進
公敎學聯社務委員會
務委風食開糖六義務 (PE) REK#}}/11/HS4P44:
,由各大專院校排厚挺,泛義務於師,各個學者上午,小四以下的量生序及拍攝李煜照片,致 黎班,定二十一人站遊在這個假期內,每天一,以破經典。 任義務教師,此項工作 有調透過此切方
移著衣服力面,男利,並有部份老药及授角校 常假設警打字:將校 CHERNZELE- 教大專厢會屬下就會服,至八時半,現有養生約,運行的要於畢業同學·维已通知各輋梁季或於會抓強及作朗席揮辛示 開辦義務兒童補習班創時間,加緊練習斯歌,她主任愛國材觀告, 從主紫開意後,警界名 第 現在躞插警及透明,幹事會主席猿隔華及識至下午五時,周日由上
晚會上,作出色的狼出暴系下午三時商達母校。 教師指導下,增加了活,何夫人主持戒投文河任,請東區民政主任徐 灰袍或衫裙棄裝,該 日,周末上午十一時 ** - KERZDZA TAYNAKEEKE 穿上深灰色或黑色西装,美術會尙師李舱中稱: VEDESEEX KNRISE • REU
助州敎育哥阿離明主流,席由烈校校長李庖8組, 十餘人,作品近二百
上午十一時假线接大体 是次展之學生四
爲校董會,大會主
(接第六張第二頁)
味,
包裝並
節假期過去了,該被主席日昨為名家
迎各界人士光庭指導,
以收脚益之媺云。
(EE) FIK MAIN #SOE***K• 校外活軌丰言 快的心情假校迎接新的一圣校貌地址有變裹者, 生 又以-
沛的斧神,撩,知各同學,凡任職講時許十時至下午五時,激
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於
能會宿
孙
何
點
診
主
BUDA
一憑證體據
GHT
新體品
班酬師基立栢
禮業畢屆六第
排綵校同時三定
ARDEL
與日受八百學褘软制院師桕燕
崇
書真
畫中
tendon of
Efferent fibre)
and is attached to the
Ventral Root
Ventral horn
tibee below free
osition of
1969
position of
extension
ACCO MUSCIA
flawian
現代數學科 (廿四)
of grey
matter
Synapon
A Cross-section of spinal cord snowing. gray matter in a
form of Letter H Sur- unded by white matter
The spinal cord is a oylindrical nerve tube extending through the vertebral osnal of the vertebral column. As shown in the above figure it is almost completely divided into two lateri halves by the ventral and the dorsal median fissures. In cross-section, the spinal cord consjste of grey matter and white matter. The former lies at the centre, forming the shape or the letter H, which composed of nerve cells, whils the latter lies outside and composed of nerve. fibres only. The central canal of the cord is filled with cerebro-spinal fluid;
There are pairs of spinal nerves coming off the spinal cord at intervale. (The number of pairs. of the spinal nerves corresponds to the number of
he vertebrae in the vertebrates). Each spinal erve arises an dorsal and ventral roots which uni o form the main trunk as it leaves the vertebral- olumn. On the dorsal root of each spinal nerve, here is a swollen area termed the ganglion whi ob onsists of the cell body of sensory neurons. All fferent (sensory) nerve fibres extend to the pinal cord through the dorsal roots, while ali- fferent (motor) nerve fibres leave the spinal ord by the ways of the ventral roota, pote by the ways of the ver
What do you understand by (a) reflex action, (b) voluntery action, and (c) conditioned reflez. Give an example of the reflex action, and explain
learly, the mechanism involved in its performanes.
(a) Reflex action:
A reflex action is a rapid and mechanical response that takes place when a certain external stipulus is received; indeed, retisz may take place without the individual being conscious of it, as, e.g. the constriction 01. the pupil in a bright light.
Voluntary action:
A voluntary action is associated with the activity of the cerebrum, or cerebral hemispheres. The spinal cord in this response acts as a bridge for the
ion of
transmission of impulses from the receptors to the brain. 0.g. we begin or stop the action of a skeletal muscle of a limb.
(o) Conditioned reflex:
A conditioned reflex is again automatic response to a particular stimulus being frequently received by the animal, and gradually becomes a habit. e.g. A hungry dog on being shown a piece of meat has an increased flow of saliva; the hearing of a musical sound has no such effective
Here is a common example of reflex actions. When one lets the lower leg hanging free, aa by sitting on the edge of a chair, striking the patellar ligament just below the knee-cap causes the lower leg to be extended and the foot to be kicked forward (see the Šigure below). This phasic
ntraction is
Questions for this week:
1. Write on the line at the right of each statemen or. question the number preceding the word or
expression that best completes the statement or answers the question
In the capillaries or the lungs haemoglobin combines mostly with (1) carbon dioxide (2) oxygen (3) air (4) urea (5) soluble sugar
in the liquid waste from the kidneys, we normally find large amounts of (1) glucose (2) bile salta (3) protein (4) mineral salts (5) sodium chloride.
3. In man, blood goes from the right ventricle to the lungs through the (1) pulmonary vain (2) pulmonary artery (3) bicuspid values (4) tricuspid values (5) aorta, arch. 3. of the following, the term that does not belong with the others ia (1) nasal cavity (2) pharynx (3) larynx (4) stomach (5) trachea.
The entrance of the larynx may be closed during swallowing by the (1) arytenoid cartilage (2) cricoid cartilage (3) thyrolu cartilage (4) epiglottis (5) alveolar sao,
5
A structural and functional unit of the kidne is known as a (1) neuron (2) nephron (3)... Bowman's capsule (4) Malpighian corpuscle (5) collecting tubule.
Which of the following is partly reabsorbed by the tubule cells when it passes through th uriniferous tubule of the kidney?
(1) water (2) glucose (3) glycerin (4) amino- Boids (5) urea
7.
The pleural cavity surrounding the lungs is filled with (1) air (2) liquid (3) oxygen (4) carbon dioxide (5) lymph.
8.
The main purpose of respiration is (1) to obtai oxygen (2) to produce carbon dioxide (3) to get rid of carbon dioxide (4) to produos, energy (5) to circulate oxygen.
19:
Which of the following is richly supplied with blood vessels?
(1) solerotic (2) choroid (3) retina (4) cornea (5) oiliary body
10:
The three semi-circular canals in the car are responsible for (1) hearing (2) balancing or the body (3) transmiting of nervous message
(4) receiving of nervous message (5) conversion of sound waves.
BUY 11.
12. Short sight can be corrected with (1) conoava
(2) divergent (3) convex (4) convergent (5) cylindrical lens.
12.
13. The cavity in the mid-aar is filled with
(1) air (2) liquid (3) blood (4) lymph (5) cerebro-spinal fluid.
13.
14. The whitish fatty layer surrounding the nerve
fibre is called (1) myelin sheath (2) peurilemma. (3) connective tissue (4) axon membrana (5) Bolerotic coat.
14.
15. All of the following statements about white
blood corpuscles are true except (1) they ar formed in lymph (2) they are formed in bor marrow (3) they can only move in the same direction as blood stream (4) they have a nucleus (5) they surround and kill bacterii
15.
1esoride, with the help of diagrams, the structure of a human hidney and give a short account of its function.
(a+b+o) (b−c) | al
(a+b+o) (b~o)(a−b).
14.0 7
21 Solve to.
tions
Hence I
12021
(01:3
(7,5 and 3 art common factori in R, R and
1021 B respec-
tively.
7 × 5 × 3 2|0 21 + 1 | 1 ||
7 x 5 x 3 [4 - 1]
7.
3.x
:0
(282
(−1) 3+2 x 11
-11 x (-2x +
(3) Solve for ki
olution:
22
k
that
20
1 b
and
and
and
are identical)
cises for this week;
(1) Evaluate the following:
[20:4
35 2212
110 24
(2) Solve for the variable in each equation
1
2x
3) Prove that
a+b
a-b