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經濟及公共事務科(十三)
Question:
Answer:
Economic & Public Affai
(Lecture No. 13 By K.M. Lau,
Answers to questions in Exercise No.
What do you understand by Socialy Sécurity!?
How does it apply to Hong Kong?i
奇敏
Cin Hong Kong social security has come to meane system of protection provided by the government-for- workers employed in both industrial and commercial "enterprises, Social security ensures that the rights or
the ordinary workers are protected and promoted. It also implies that there is economic justice for all; it provides reasonable working conditions and satisfactory wages for the workers
In Hong Kong, not every worker is protected by law. In fact most workers are not. People who work. factories are more fortunate than those who work elsewhere especially in shops, for factory workers can depend on the labour Department to look after them. This department is given the responsibility of maintaining satisfactory labour-management relations in industrial places of work, as well as settling disputes between workers and their employers.
Nothing, however, is done by anyone, not even) Government, for those who wark in local shops. The. rights of these workers are never protected. In fact, these workers have no economic rights at all! Most of them work up to 14 hours per day, 363 days per year or wages around: 280 per month..
Factory workers are under the protection of labour waws and Factories Acts, For instance women and yong people employed in factories are protected by t factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance, so that no one under the age of Lu is eployed in a factory. and those between 14 and 16 of age are not allowed to work for more than 8 hours a day, nor are they allowed to work overtime, and that they must be given one hour of cast for every 6 hours of continuous work, young peopl
employed in shops as messenger-boys or errand-boys never expect to have any form of rest. Some of them even do not have a decent place to sit. Another law, the workmen's Compensation Ordinance, prescribes the: amount of compensation an industrial worker is entitle to receive in the event of his being injured or fallen seriously sick while at work. Most factory workers haw formed trade unions to demand respects or observance e their rights, and where there is suspected, injustice, these wurkers can always use one of the most effective: weapons to get what they want and that is by holding a ̇atrike..
Snop employees have never organised themselves to ichieve their goals, nor. have they formed trade unions co defend their rights, Nobody seems to take any interest in the welfare of these workers, and they, left to themselves, can expect very little, if ever, to be.. done to improve their working, and thereby, their Living conditions. For them, the term "social security" is as good as dead, It is obvious therefore that Government Bhould examine the plight of these workers and pass the
iecessary legislation to give them some form of social security. A shops Act (or Shop Employees' Ordinance) uphears to be the only solution,
Another group of people in Hong Kong can also be described as without social security, This group is made up of all teachers: employed in private schools. Although they are employed on contract which is renewable, in most cases, year after year, their prospects remain dim, They cannot afford to be sick, far if they are, they lose their salaries for those days they are sick.
Of course, there are private schools who care for their staffs, but the number of such "good schools is. Limited to a few well-known ones. Majority are operated on a. profit-making basis. In order to make ends meet, most , teachers have to take up as many as 60 or more teaching periods per week, and thein future still remins black and uncertain. There should therefore be a teacherst.. trade union, as in England; to protect the rights of the teachers. Until there is such an organization, most, teachers, especially those who are only "permitted" to teach, will live without social security
kives who find their husbands dying without leaving them any financial support lead very tragic: lives. Here) again, is another example of how badly Hong Kong needs social security. 3houldn't there be something like a
Widows' Fund to help very poor widows? Again in England there is social security for widows as well as orphans. Why shouldn't. Hong Kong have some form of social security for the poor, after all isn't Hong Kong Crown Colony of Great Britain?
Again, in Great Britain the government has provide) a. National Insurance scheme to improve the conditions. of every british citizen. The scheme provides all typer f. social benefits such as free medical treatment, pensions, "and unemployment allowances, Shouldn't Hone Long have a national insurance scheme, too, especially For the poor workers? Let's hope that Government wi11 Sake a keener interest' in the welfare of the workers, py ensuring that they are never exploited by those wha ire unscrupulous and who are out n to make a fast buckk
Question; (2) Give a description of the work and
functions of the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.
Answers.
As our population is made up or yy per cent. of. Chinese, it is essentially important that Government has an efficient system of link between the Chinese people and the Government departments so that the people can understand. Government policies and measures- and Government can understand the views, ideas and wishes of the people. To establish this link and:
·mairitain: it Government has therefore, set up th数能 Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, since 1849, thus making it one of the oldest departments within the Hong Kong Government
The principal goal of the Secretariat for chinese y Affairs is to cultivate mutual trust between Government and the Chihese: population, in order to pave the way for greater understanding and co-operation. between the two parties. This is done by sending : Assistant Secretaries for Chinese Affaira to attend meetings of Local organisations such as the Kaifong Associations, the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, so. that, their very presence assumes the public of Government is
·interest in their welfare, and more important, to eriable the Government to learn what the needs of the people are. Each day, there are Individuals or groupe :who make their way to the office of the Secretariat to
consult the Assistant Secretaries for Chinese Affairs |
位學雜
on a diversity of subjects in connection with their livelihoods, and these people have never been disappointed, nor have they ever been turned away without receiving the assistance they first sought..
In the past the Secretary for Chinese Affairs used to arbitrate in industrial disputes, but today, the Labour Department has taken over this work, although there are people who still prefer the Secretary for Chinese Affairs to act as the arbitrator. However, domestic disputes are still referred to the Secretariat, which also investigates and settles minori disputes between Jandlords and tenands. It provides tuc Tenancy Inquiry Bureaux in fulfilling this function.
Chinese hotels and boarding houses, Chinese books, newspapers, news agencies must be registered with the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs. It also issues permits: for Chinese celebrations, and licences for fireworks, liquors and it also carries out research work in the field of Chinese culture and history as well as art anksy. craftsmanship.
The Secretariat also maintains the District Watch Force, which investigates private complaints. The First District Natob Force was formed in 1869. when Bistrict Watchmen were appointed and paid by the public and controlled by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs who was assisted by a Committee of prominent citizens known as the Chinese District Watch Committee. This Committee was disbanded after the décond World War.
The Secretary for Chinese Affairs has certain": duties in respect of the administration of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, because these hospitals were int Cact founded through the jolnt efforts of a Secretary for Chinese. Affairs and a group of local prominents" citizens in the vicinity of 1879. Leading Chinese organizations such as the Confucian, Buddhist Clansman's District, Kaifong, Taoist, and Women'srama
multi-storey organizations algo work very closely wim: the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.
The Department also supervises Chinese cemeterlea and temples and other charity organizations besides they Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, such as the well-known Po/ Leung Kuk, This Department is also given the power to hold quasijudicial inquiries into deportation cases: under the Deportation of Allens Ordinance.
Within the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, exist several committees to advise Government on the / administration of Chinese Charity, education and welfare funds, including other types of funds, amounting to over $32,000,000− Since 1968, the Secretariat bas been given another important responsibility - that of administering the City District Officers' Scheme, whos hoad is the Deputy Secretary for Chinese Affairs. They Public Enquiry Service also comes under the direction of this department.
The fact that most Chinese inhabitants are mora familiar with the work and functions of the Secretaria, for Chinese Affairs than any other Government departments is a clear sign that the Secretardata or Chinese Affairs has achieved its goal of winning the trust and respects of the Chinese population, and th has helped considerably for both Government and the ** people to work together to bring about a more progressive community
Exercise No.12
write "true" or "false" for each statement below!- (a) Credit cards are a form of medium of exchange: (b) The banknotes in Hong Kong are known as legal
(未完轉入第四張第三頁):