ENCE
30 JAN
(按第四張第二廠)
1969 英文中學會考試題預習
SUPE
日三十月二十年申戊歷登
WAH KIU YAT PO
銀日橋
1969
文中學會考試題預習
生物科 (+=)
廖百琴 •
Answer to t the questions of last week:
(a)
BIOLOGY (13)
The nature of an insect is diet is orten, rasi flected in the structure of its' mouth-parta. Show how far this is true of the cockroach and the honey bee,
(b) By describing the essential parts of their
life-histories, explain what is meant when the cockroach is said to have direct development whilst the houserly is said to have indirect development.
According to the diet of a cockroach it is described as omidvorous, for it eats any type of available, food, whether animal or vegetable, The mouth-parts of a cockrowwa possess a movable labrum bohird which are mandibles, mixiliae and labium which are quitad to an omnivorous habit, fach, mandible is i wingle segment with sharp cutting and grinding teeth along the medial edge. The
maxilla is a jointed structure bearing a movable palp which is sensitive to taste, thus assists in the selection of food. The palps of the labíum are also: sensitive. The processes on maxillae and labium, together with the labrum hold food for the mandibles.
In a honey bee the labial palpa and maxillae are fused into a sucking tube containing a tongue formed from the middle portion of the labium. When this tube is folded back against the body the short- mandibles can still be used as jaws, and the bes da thus one of the few insects that can both suck and chew,
(b) Unlike the majority of insects, there is no
·larval stage in the life-history of the cockroach, for the young escaping from the ogg-case on hatching is in an advanced stage of development and closely resembles the adult. To distinguish it from a larva it is. termed a nymph. The nymph which excepts for the lack of wings and its small size is a miniature adult, Ecdysis occurs seven times during its development and growth which takes about a year. This form of development La called incomplete matamorphosis or direct. development.
The housefly is said to have indirect development, for its egg develops into an adult housefly, it passes through a larval stage and pupae stage, finally it attains its adult stage which is quite different from its previous. for us.
The larva of the housefly is legless and is called a maggot. In less than a week's feeding the maggot reaches full size. It pupates inside its larval skin, which forms a pupal case, Inside the case metamorphos is takes place fairly quickly in warm, cordiitions and in less than a week the adult housefly breaks out of the case. This form of develope meat is known as complete metamorphosis,
prothorax
- compound eye
Fore-wing
Carcus
-styl
adult
現代數學科 (十三)
(6) Ordered relations.
kup Some relations on a sát has such property
that its elements can be arranged in order. Sush relation R called crdered relations, are specified by three propertiesī
(a) R must be antisymmetria/ (b) R must be transitive
ile), R must be complete
Let us consider a set of sticks, different in Lengths. Given any two sticks in that set one must. be longer. If a is longer than b, then b is not larger than a. That is the relation is anti- symmetric. Consider any three sticks a, b, and There must be one which is the lodgest and one that is shortest. That is if a< band bea, than ade, Thus the relation is transitive. For say: two sticks in the set, there is always xky or, yhx. This shows the relation is complets,
Relation defined
Since only binary relations are considered, relations will be defined in terms of ordered paira. An ordered pair (a, b) is a pair of objects. arranged in the special order such a da the first component and the second component. Exemples: (a) A - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
se may have ordered pairs on the set A such that the second component is twice the first component. These ordered pairs form a set (1,2), (3,4), (3,
The relation above may be described as xRy Buch that y is twice x, or y = 2x
may have another set of ordered pairs the set A such that the second component is 1. greater than the first one. These form a set as
(2,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5) and (5,6)f
ere xhy is defined by the condition y - * * 1. b) A. (1,2,3), and B-a, b}
vke may have ordered pairs such that the first
component belongs to a and second belongs to Then they form a set as
{(l,a), (1,b), (2,a), (2,b), (3,1), (3,b){
In conclusion we should say relations sets of ordered pairs with the first component from a set A and second component from 'a sat" B, A and B way be different or the same. Given two sets A and B the set of all ordered pairs ig known as the Cartesian product A x B. KA - then the Cartesian set is A x A, If the pa universe is Ax B, then any relation is defined
X = {(x,y}|_x_£AДy E B}
Examples: (1) Given A
2,3,4,5, B-11,4,9,16,25
{(1,1),(1,4), (1, 9)(1,16), (1, 25)
2,1)(2,4}) .,.,(5,25)}
Using A x B as universe, the relation xy described by y - x is
{(1,1), (2,4), (3,9),(4,16), (5,25){
(3) Using Axa as universe, the relation
escribed by yix 19.
R = {(x,y) | y<sf
{(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(5,4)}-
(1) Using A x B as universe, the relation xhy
described by yxis
R = {(x,y)] 7>z}\\
{(1,4),(1,9),(1,16), (1, 25), (2,4), (2,9)
(525)}
ance relations are sets, the intersection, union
relations are again relations, and the complement of a relation is a relation likewise,
xamples:
a) Given universe • a x A, where A = {1,2,3,4,5,6, R, = {(x,y}} y • x} and R2 = {(x,y)/£ 13 * divisor of y}
广公竹八十五民族
*1 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)}
(1,1),(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6).
12,4), (2,6), (2,5),(2,3),(4,4),18,2), (5,5),(6,6)}
(K,OR, - {(1,1),(2,4),(2,3),(4347,\51)),
RUK2 • H2, for K, C2
(b) If the universe is R2, then the complement) of B. or H. is {(1,2),(2,3),(1,4),(1,5),
(1,6),(2,4),(2,6),(3,6))
The dom in and range of a relation
For a relation xRy from the set A to the set B the set of all x's in k is called the domain of Re ind the set of all y's in R is called the range of
Furthermore, the domin is a subset of ▲ and the ange is a subset of B. Thus in Example {b} of the, ast section, the domain of the set de {1,2,3}_The_range_18)
{2,3,4,5,6)
In Example (8) above, the domin and range are both equal to the set (1,2,3,4,5];
As another example, in the set {(-3,1), (-2,1), (−1,1), (0,1), (1,1)(2,1)], the
-3,-2,-1,0,1,2} and the
inverse of a relatior
The inverse of a relation it is a relation a such that the domain and range of R are the range and domain of R. That is, H is a subset of 4 x 8 while kul is a subset of 8x A. In brief if His an relation from the set A to the set B, then its inverse RTM* is a relation from the sat B to the se kxamples: BER
(a) let A (2,3,}; B. - 10, c}, then
k = {(2,b), (2,c), (3,b),(3,c) is a relation from A to B. The inverse of k or His {(b,2},(c,2),(b,3),(6,3) which is a relation from
Let A 1,2,3. Then any relation & on Ax A
■■ {(1,2), (1,3) has an inverse -1,((2,1),(2,3)) Suppose the universe - A x A, where AN 11,2,3,4,5, and H- {(x,y)/y = x+1} =
{(1,2), (2,3), (3,4),(4,5), then R-1 is
x-4 -((2,1),(3,2), (4,3),
Suppose the universe Nx N, and
k = {(x,y) / y = x2+1}; then 8-1 -{(x,y}}
Exercise for the week 30
(1) Which of the following relations are reflexive, or
symmetric, or antisymmetric, or transitive? (a) "greater than"
(b)"is a divisor of "
(c) "is twice as large as"
(d) "Has the same length ast
"Is perpendicular to
() "Is parallel to"
(g) "Ia a multiple of
(h) "Is on the same line"
(1) "belongs to the same set
(3) "Has the same absolute value of
Which of the relations mentioned above tra reflexive, symmetric and transitive? Which of the following relations are order relationandp
(a)Is worse than
(b)
is faster than
(e) Is hotter than".
(d) Is greater than"
= NxN\{where is the set of natural numbers) If R, •{(x,y); x • 2y = 3}, R2 = {(x,y}/y - 2x-1}, what is R2OR, What is
(5) Find the inverse of each of the following
relations, universe being NN? (a) RTM*
(b) R2
{(x,y) / y = x2
(c) kq = {(x,y) / y = x3.
·Style
A nymph
A Comparison & external features of a cockroach and it's young (nymph),
Арира
Dieused posterior spiracle Functional spiracke
Disused
- сопроце
Compounin
Thorax Abdomen
An adult
A comparison of external features of
a housefly and its
фира
(a) write a short essay on the habits of
mosquitoes
(b) How are the mouth parts of a female
anopheline mosquito adapted to piercing and blood sucking?
There are three important types of mosquitons, namely culex, Anopheles and Aedes, Anophelins mosquitoes are the carriers of melaria, yellow fever, elephantiasis and dengue faver all of which affect man in many cases can be fatal. The organisms causing the diseases are carried from one host to another by the fem le mosquitoes which are blood-suckers and Missase. carriers;
The development of mosquitoes is called complete metamorphosis. The female mosquito: lays eggs in water in summer. The eggs hatch in wet, warm weather. The young peas the Larval stage in water, and leave it when they develop into adult mosquitoes.
The males feed by piercing plant tissues and sucking the juices or more commonly on the nectar of flowers. The females feed on the blood of animals and in the process frequently spread disease,
Unlike other insects, the pupae of zosquitoes are active and live in water freely. In the mouth parts of the female anopheline mosquito the labrum and the epipharynx combined form a sucking tube; the mandibles a maxillae are piercing organs; the hypopharyn carries saliva; and the labium constitutes a
heath in which the other mouth parts lie when not in use. When the female bites, the forked and of the sheath is pressed on the animal's şkin, which is then punctured by the mandibles and maxillae, so that the sucking tube may be inserted into the wound, Saliva passes down the lower part of the sucking tube, am the blood is sucked up the upper part of this tue leading into the gut of the insect.
Questions for this week.
1. (a) Describe, giving fully labelled diagrams, the
life-history of a Named mosquito. Hate a comparison of the cular, Acaos and Anopheles mosquitoes, under the headings (1) egg (11) larva and (iii) imago,
Make a fully devote mawing, UM SAUK: TID SXGOFIA features of a typical pony fish, How is the fish adapted to its mode of life in respect of (a) locomotion and (b) respiration?
Page 15Page 16
真四第張四第,日三十月二十年申戊曆夏 WAH KIU YAT PO