真二第張四第
日一廿月一十年申戊歷夏
WAH KIU YAT PC 報日僑
報日僑華 四期星
日九月一年九六九一番公年八十五國民中
育教備華
育僑華
1969
生物科 (+
(@"A bladder-worm
HEY
scolex everted
1969
考試題預習!
W An adult
gut of
•··man C
primary host)
BIOLOGY (10)}
nawer to the exerciss of last week:)
現代數學科
YODERN MATHEMATICS (20)
do(a)
www Quaracteristic. features of^a]
Form the conjunction and disjunction or saen of the following sets of statements. Indicate the truth value of each,
(1) The first prime 18 zand o is not a multiple of
2... confünetion F
The first prime is 2 or 8 is not a multiple of 2... Disjunction Ti
((2) 3 x 5 = 14+ 1, most fire engines and red, and
6 is not a miltiple of 3... Conjunction F.
x 5 - 14 - 1, or most fire engines are red, or 6 is not a multiple of 3. Disjunction (3) All eagles are reptiles and the United States of
imerica is a dictatorship.... Conjunction F All eagles are reptiles or the United States di America is a dictatorship. Dis junction: F/
Truth table of LABAC
A
B
C (AAB)ɅC
T
The conjunction AA BAC is true when all the substatements are true, otherwise it is false.
Truth table of pvqvr
(pV9) V_.....
Named intestinal animal parasite that you have studied,
(b) tutline. MALY JAPWyry ve bilia parasite and
suggest methods by which the spread of this parasite may be controlled.
(a) Ins
As an adult in the alimentary canal of man,
The sexually mature tapeworm consists three main parts:-
((1) The head or scoles:
muscular knob, there
mouth,
ut there are four suckers, and in the front
of these a little cone called the rostellum, which bears, a double circle of hooks. The neck-A
Behind v
called the neck followed by a string proglottides. Proglottides:
They originate ALU vise neck region. There are no appendages, alimentary canal and only very elementary nervous and Excretory organs.
A mature progivuvau is almost completely filled with both male and female reproductiva organis,
0
KosTellim -Hook
Neck
Sucker | Scnion
New proglottides
- H scolex (Head part) of lapewort
Sperm duct
-Excretory
Canal
Ganital-
DA bladder-worm
scolex invaginated
Invaginated
Scolen
A
A ripe pro- glotted with eggs passing out in human facces
Sin hooked. embryo in the
gut of secondary
hast
Hook
Diagrams show the stages the life-history of the Tapeworm
Eggs are picked up on grasses.. by secondary host og ply
ine IDllowing suggested methods by which the spread of this parasite may be controlled:
1) Pork meat must be thoroughly cooked befor
eaten by man,
(ii) Meat inspection
regularly.
iii) Medical tre
(iv) Pigs must be kept under sanitary condition, (v) Human faeces, should be properly deposited,
for they may contain proglottides or exgs
Describe the ways in which a parasitic flowering plent eg. Fodder is adapted to its mode of life,
The adaptative way for the Dodder to live as a parasite areje (1) The intervals nauauuzia penetrate the vascular tissues of the host End enable it to obtain supplies of food and water. (ii) Numerous of pink flowers result in the
The disjunction pvqvr is true for all casesi it.
is false when p, q and r are false.
neference: Basic concepts of New Mathematica -
T. Lee. 6-0 Nelson Street Kowloon.
Algebra of Frepositions (continued)
Negation
Given a statement p, another statement which is the denial negation of p can be formed, The negation of a statement p denoted by p. In accordance with the ordinary usage, the negation of a true. statement is false, and the negation of a false statement is true. The truth table indicates the same idea,
xamples
1) p: Monkeys are insects. reise
p: Monkeys are not insects. Tru
(2) P: 2 is the smilest prime. True.
wp: 2 is not the smallest prime. Felse
The notation of the negation of a statemem can be used to define the complement of a serva That is,
v = { x / L ɛ M ^ x E
WHI
wook at june meilduranıp table of
complement of a set A, shown below.
#
2.
Jbviously there is a parelislism Detween the negation of a statement and the complement of set:
Arate the negation of each of the following statements.
(1) 3 is odd.
(2) 123
215
(3) Some people are lazy?
(4) 3 x 472x
Solutions:**
(1) 3 is even.
(2), 123< 215.
(3) All people are not
(4) 3 = 2 x 4
heminders:
(1) Notice that negation does not mean the
opposite of a statement. For example, the negation of "the water is hot" is not "the water is cold". In order to negate a statement we Tust use the word "not" or "it is false" or "it is not trus".
(2) Notice also that the negativn ör a given
statement differs from the disjunction 0. conjunction of two statements in the sense that negation applies only to a single state- ment while the disjunction or conjunction applies to two statements.
Testis
cvary.
Yolk
shell gland glan
A mature proglotted of the lapewor
The life history of the te sworm falls into »
hree stages:-.
(4) A free stage w egg stage outside the body
of any host.h
11) The secondary news, as we flo
proglottides break off and pass out of the bost (e.g. man) with the faeces.
The eggs develop into six-hooked embryos within the proglottid. If they Bre then eaten by a secondary host (e.g pig), they escape from their envelopes and bore their way through the walls of gut into the voluntary muscles, where they form cysts, th bladder-worns,
(111) The primary host stage, the tapeworm attains ts sexual maturity in the body of the primary host. At this stage, if insufficiently sooked pork containing cysta is eaten by manzi the bladder-worm is thrown off the head becomes fastened to the wall of the gut of the host, and a series of proglottides is developed.
(e) Conditional
There are some statements expressed in the form "if p, then q”. Such kind of státe- ments are called conditionsls, denoted by
Pq.
an a conditional, ine first substatement is called the antecedent or hypothesis and he second substatement q is called the onsequentor conclusion..
Concerning a conditional, the first thing we note is that p->q and q→→p are not the same statement, for they do not have the same truth value, The second thing we note is that in ordinary usage there is some causal connection between the hypothesis and conclu- sion, but in mathematics there needs no causal connection between the hypothesis and conclusion in a conditional. Examples:
(1) If it does not rain, then Jon will rivoj
you to down(has a causal connection. between D and al
MUCCION or numerous seeds. These compensa for the great loss during germination iii) Roots and green leaves reduce, since it unlains
all its food supply from the host.
The seeds are relatively large and thaw ID content is thus appreciable. This is important to ensure the survival of the seedling during a its free-living stage.
(v) The stem is thread-like
stem of the host, so that it is easily Supported by the host.
(vi) The germination of its seeds are uswilly takən place in the late spring to ensure that it can find the well-developed hosta. (vii) It does not take away all the food at The Bost
so that the host can continuously supply food for it
Mestions for this week:"
(a) What features all cuidavu inve-queransects your
have studied?. Named Two insects which are peste, and describe the methods of control which are,
mployed against them, stating why such measures are necessary.
krite an essay on the ecuaca mortance of insecta
(a) Give brier reasons for classifying a Cabbaga
White Butterfly as (1) an invertebrate
► (11) an arthropod, and (111) an insect.
b) with the help of diagrams, give an account of this?
[life-history of a Cabbage White Butterfly.
(2) If trees are animals, then human b
are immortal. (no causal connectior between.p and (q),
ane truth, value vs a conditional;
follows.
La defined as
១.
P
Ꭲ .
T
E
T
12.
F
The table
informs us that aconditional →→q is true in all cases, except when they hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false.
From a conditional p->q, three other? conditionals can be constructed by
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