way of Life. They supported Empress Dowager and together they opposed blindly to westernization., Even the reformers used western learning within techological limits while retaining confucian ideas, In other words, the Chẳng Government favoured a certain degree of westemization not because they admired foreign ways but because it was the only means at their disposal of saving China from the hands of the "foreign devils.”
分數四則及應用
其二第張八第
一初月一十年申戊
WAH KIU YAT PO 日橋
五期星
日十二月二十年八六九一届公年七十五國民童
道教僑華
育敎僑華
第一九六九军
MALFABERTZORDEN
試題顧問
數學科
(七) 奈卓女。
(1)
文中學會卡試題預習
歷史科
(七)
張子宛
HISTORY (7)
3
分線上的物分子分線下的分酎・
法分野和除法有機的
【分數式可状物或除式、
例如三人分園一箱入得!
分數隨麼商,分線開除號
故此可知,分子自被除效,分母鸡除類
分數
1.Jiscuss the aims and the effectar foreign policies in 1852-1870-
NapoleonTM LING.
Napoleon III was a person very susceptible to the} impacts of outside influence, His foreign policy was shrouded by a complex of aims, but many of his aims were not compatible. As a bonaparte, he could not be indifferent to glory. He was elected to the thronel after the revolution, he could not be anti-liberal. On the other hand, he had to get clerical support at home, as well as to maintain co friendly terms with other European countries, so as to assure them that they would allow another Napolem on the throne of France. With so many conflicting sins, it was impossible for Napoleon to achieve them. From this) fatal contradiction, he never completely freed himself. His foreign policy never followed any definate purpose,
Napoleon III had set himself against hussia, In 1854-1856 he went to war with Russia on the side of England. Apparently Napoleon III went to the Crimean War because of religious reasons. He quarralled with the Czar over the protection of the Holy peace. But: behind this, Napoleon wanted to make use of the war. to please the Catholics and thus gaining their. support. He also took this opportunity to revenge the Czar who had refused to recognized his new position as Emperor of France. But except in the increase of Drestege, France got nothing material in the war.
Napoleon found an empire outside Europe. He conquered the whole of Algeria in 1857, Martinique and Quadeloupe in West Indies were annexed, France also took Cayenne and Senegal. The trading post in India was established. In the Far East, France took over parts of Southern Indo-china and established a protectorate over Cambodia. In 1860 the Anglo-French expedition forced China to open further ports for trade. Thus, Napoleon was able to give glory to France as well as to schiaved conquest aboard.
Napoleon had a gennine sympathy for the suppressed nationalisties in Italy. At the same tim he was afraid of having a strong united Italy as his neighbour. His help in the unification of Italy was in the name of Natioalism, However he was neither a true liberal or nationalist. When he saw that the unification of Italy became a reality, he retreated back, and refused to help. This interference in the Italian Unification created great damage to his prestege. The Catholics at home were annoyed because the unification of Italy means the absorption of the. Papal state to the Italian Empire. The liberals at home also blamed his withdrawal from the course and of making the Armistice of Villafranca and later in 1862 for preventing Garibalti from taking Rome. No waider Bismarck the anti-liberal later remarked that if "all liberals were like Louis Napoleon, I will be
liberal".
In Maxico, nas Quel purpose or glory and conquest Was present. Nevertheless, the choice of the Austrian prince Maximilleon, to be the Mexican King withnessed that Napoleon was more anxious in staking a claim to the tropean Championship of Catholic interests abroad than in seeking glory for the French nation. His interference in the Mexican affairs amoyed the liberals. Furthermore, his failure also turned the Catholics against him. The glory of the Bonaparte- declined. In a desperate effort to save it he plunged Into the Francho-Prussian War. He aimed at a revision of the 1815 settlement in France'a favour and securing the clerical support by defeating Prussian protestantism. French liberal dislike. Prussia as a reactionary power, while French patriots were jealous of the creation of a strong. State m
her north-east frontier. In order to save the crown and revived glory Napoleon went to war. With his defeat ended his empire.
If Napoleon III had not spread nie attention to a wide range of goals which is most cases were- conflicting one with the other. he might have been!
Buccessful" And 11 he forgot about nis uncle,
and did not command he be more successful. Most uncle, his reign might be more successful. Mos unfortunate for Napoleon was that his glory in the Crimean kar was short-lived and his success in the pursuit of glory were remote in Africa and the Far: Last and thus were to gain little popularity for him in France. In addition, with so many of his › conflicting aims, he turned all political ana social parties against him. In trying to please ha lost all
atti
Account for the Ching! @trengthening movement in China, guccessful?
During the years from 1864 to 1894 China” was defeated by foreigners both in war and in diplomacy. The Opium wars and the Arrow war convinced many farsighted Chinese statesmen that threats of foreign aggressions had become very serious. They therefore pursued with all their energy for reforms by follow ing a vigorous policy of hesternization. Their response to the western impact, was complicated by China's attitude of superiority and exclusiveness. Moreover most of the officials did not want to over- haul the whole structure of the traditional.confucian
The terms "self-strengthening movement" applied to a series of reforms from 1860 to 1911. During the reign of Tung-Chin (1862-1874), self- strengthening movement was mainly in the field of national defence, reforms were undertaken by the government. They had very little effect on the Iire of the chiness people. The most important figures in the self-strengthening movement were Tseng Kuo- Färi, là hung-Chang and Tso Isung-Tồng. During this period reforma were made on education. Tseng Kuo- Fan started a school attached to the Shanghai. arsenal to train Chinese in mechanical engineering in 1867. In the same year two naval schools, one French and one Fäglish were founded in Epochów, Medical College mining College and Telegraph College were founded. Students were sent aboard to Europe. and America. Arsenals, shipyards, machine company, railroad and dockyards were built. In short their plans were limited to military and economic affairs,
ineas reïormers were trusted by Ľmpress upwager, because of their contribution in the suppression or Tai Ping Rebellim, still they were opposed by the conservative scholars and officials. Their Chief aim in imitating the west was no more than "improving”. the defense and consolidating the frontiers, a passive, defensive and conservative aim. Unfortunate- passive ly this period of self-strengthening coincided with the rapid development of imperialism. This spirit was ective and aggressive, When the Sino-Japanese har (1894-1895) broke out China was defeated, This defeat proved the attempts at self-strengthening Chins were failures. With this defeat ended the Tung Chih restoration.
After the Sino-vapanese · War, reforms. Beenea, "more; urgently needed in order to escape from the danger of partition, Reforms were led by Kang Yu-Wei and liang Chi-Chao. They advocated constitutionalism based on the Japanese model. He also advocated for social and economic reforms. Unnecessary offices: (sinecures) were to be absolished. As in the earlier programme of modernization, opposition toj it arose among the old-style school officials who feared that such reforms might mean an end to their supremacy. They supported Empress Dowager against the reformers. The reformers did not have power. esides they tried to do too much in too short_a time in a country yet unprepared for extensive reform
Ine reforms came to an end when Empress Dowager" imprisoned the emperor Kuang-hsu,
The reform movement made Empress Dowager more reactionary than she had ever been before. She WAS bent on rooting out all foreign ideas from her empire; for they were the cause of these reform
cause of the movements. This intense hatred of the "foreign devils and their ways led to her encouragement of the Boxer Uprising which broke out in 1899. She was convinced that the only meana ne saving the Ching
dynasty was to expel the foreigners. She encouraged| the Boxers to start a national movement against the westerners and the Chinese disasters and China was. defeated by the joined alliance of England, France, United States, Japan, Russia, Germany, Italy and Austria. The boxer Protocol in 1901 led her to realize the need for reform. Thus led to the manchu reform programme in the last few years of the Dynasty from 1901 to 1911. Unfortunately the reform were too late. Flan of a constitutional monarchy was set up. Reform programmes on education, army, navy, finance and judiciary were also made. However these programmes did not have efficient reformers and sufficient financial resources to carry them out. Besides after the failure of the Hundred Days Reform many who desired reforms realized that they could never obtain them from the Peking government. The
mly way left was to overthrow the existing government.... As a result Dr. Jim Yat Jun'a Revolutionary doctrines began to gain ground;
Throughout these thirty years of self- trengthening movement, China was not strengthened This was because these reforms were not genuinely carried out by the authority. Most of the reforms were carried out half-heartedly. When Chine was defeated she desperately sought to reforms, but when the foreign powers used negotiation instead of war in their deplomacy, many officials and even Empress Dowager forgot the crises of wars and therefore,
the reforms become less urgent. The aim of reforms was only for national defence, There were no comprehensive reform programme. They only wanted to use western learning within techological limits while retaining confucians: ideas. Therefore, the
reforms carried out were basically still very conservative, hef orist carried out in this period Were speeded up after every defeat, but were soon Blowed down when temperory peace was restored. The Empress never wanted any reforms in her heart, When. reforms were carried out she blindly opposed it. Dus to her frustration she even blindly supported the Boxer aprising as a means to revenge on the "foreigners. But she had to suffer the consequence). and sought to reform once more, Throughout this pari'od we can see reform movements and blind oppos ition imperecting upon one another. Her Irrational feeling and hack of farsight finally:led to the collapse of the Ching Dynasty.
uestions for next week!
L.Assess the importance of the part played ́by foreign powers in the unification of Italy. Compare and contrast the Tai Ping Rebellion of 1848 with the devolutionlof 1911–12/
分數的思辯,分散和整的無相對的名词。聚合若干馇,所戒的叫整數;把,分成若干等分,取其
中一年分或若干嘛分,叫做牙,例如照一個餅或三部分,取去一分,取去奈齗三分之
可高成一多触下來的就是两個三分之一,即三分之二,可將一。分數中間的機叫分
BARAT.
分數的種類:分數的只有下列三
(I)配分益 分子比分母小,
14 21
例如:
15 100
(2)假分數、分子帶於分母點大於分母,例如一
126
BERAKƏRTST AN-
各国分数可以互化,方法如下:
10
15
100
(1)整數化分數 任們整數可化成分數。與作分母,該整數作分子,使照分類,放任何數
3 都可以假設成分母爲1的分數。例如3化需分數,可寫成一。1可以化物任何分數,要
225100. 其分母和分子相寓,例如.1-一或一第一
2253100
(2)假分數化帶分數 利用分數與除生的關係,用分除分子,所得之適笈分數的整敗部分
,庶得之除數爲分子,即分虛則不例
分類
123411-11
123
2
11.
̇化一其碧分數
分
先用分母乘整數部分,再加上分子,或您新的分子,讓分卻用不變:
北12一宇分数
(4)化魅分數篇除分數,此點須留持牙數加、戒、乘、除迭時再行說明之
【分數的速質分數的承辦性質有三:
(1)分數之储等於分母除分子。
(2)分數之分母親分子,以可一數乘之,其氣不要
((3) 分數之分母分子,以同一顆除之,其體亻天白
微分分數的分子和分母用同一數目乘之,叫做擴分,結果從分强大了,但其瘾不變。
981
81+9-9
4x9 36.
9x9.81
約分分數的分子和分母被同一數目除之,叫約分,結果分數比以前看來類少,但其感不絕。分數 之分于及分母含有公約數時,必須化,可用HCE同時除分母及分子,結果分母及分子 ∵不再含有公約數,則該分數可冷卻簡分數
104
18
例二:把一化燈展簡分數,
IB 182
24+2.
104413
9+3
12-43
(方法二)先乘次出18,24*的H C.F.
1818+6
342446
適分 招商分母不相同的分數,化為分部相間的分數,但不應其值,這時做細分,還分時變先我
HGOAL.C.M
1 23
化一一一分旺相间的分數痢
23
234L.C.M.12.
11x6 6.
-12+2--5
22×6--12
22x48
-12+3 4
3x4 12
3x3 9.
4x3 12:
比較分數的大小 比較分数的大小可參考下列三期 •
(2)分理相同的分數,分子較大,其値东大
8
例:一大於一
15
86
(2)分子相同的分數,分母較小,其體反大的
例:小於一
-2.
3.
(3)分鐘,分子都不相同的分數,
然貨比較之
5
★★ш4 + 5 + 699L. C+M.250 ..
泰光化成商分用的分數,或博分于的分影
再將三分數化成洞分母的分數,然後比較之
8 45
50
99
注:凡分母扣分于相差1的分數,比較其大小時,其數
124 132
126 123100 78
例:比較す
26
128 251
"SER13 » 2004 L»C«M«1»«.
再將二分數化欣徊分子的分數,無味比較之。
18
26
128 246
Page 30Page 31
2.0DEC 1968
CITY HALL
育教備