SFERENCE LIBRARY
經濟及公共事務科(六) 劉奇敏。
– 15 DEC 1968
WAH KIU
郭日僑華
日期星
日五十月二十年八六九一两公午七十五國民華中
変教付華
ITY HAEL:
接第四張第二頁)
一九六九丰中文中学考試題預習
生物科
莫愛桐
(1)您之項目必须以鉛筆塗滿才格) 有細胞好與細胞內消化的動物骨
变形蟲= 上車 夜 &
1969
文中學會考試題預習
螅体型對精性為
人左右相稱口
辐射美鹅口
不相稱嘈
水螅的營養法!
屬動物性營養法,食物為水画水生昆蟲之幼蟲,甚或剛孵出芝小魚和蜥群 ,攝篋,以觸手搏提食物同時觸手上之刺細胞也
放出刺絲和毒泡把食物刺殺或麻醉,然後 觸手把食物送進口稟西入腔腸內 【水稳之消化法可分兩種:
,腔腸動物体壁構成道
西細胞層口
食物:
水規所産生主排洩物と和気等是由下対方法
*伸縮胞收集 排淺點收集 直接由细胞檻袖 水螅營養細胞所吸進之養分在体内運輸至其他細胞是難,
by so doing influence the spending habits of the people.
指環系一
細胞外消化,食物被送至腔腸後,内胚層的腺. 胞便分泌一些內含酵素的液体圣腔腸,同時藉 传壁的伸縮運動把食物壓碎,又鞭毛的擺重 使消化徒食物混和並在腔腸内流動比 食物使漸漸消化分解
互细胞内消化:部分細小之食物粒,被内胚 層的學養細胞伸出偽足包圍然後納 ※原生質内形成食物胞、摩生質分泌 姜進食物胞内把食物消化分解
内胚層細胞吸入腔腸内已消化之食物,
食物胞内己消化と食物被原生質収入。
消化後之食物被吸入後有擴散作用傳來越” 胚層其他細胞
“上同:已消化之食物吸透原生質後組成新的原生質,
不排道食物胞的消化不了的食物渣滓排出腔腾連街
腔四消化不了的食物渣滓路口中排出体
·水蟮的呼吸法
·冰花蒸要一之呼吸器官美体壁板具二層細胞,因其 生活於水中 政根募攫取溶解於水中之氧氣,故水螻 之原生寶吸進溶解於水中之氟氯及原生资呼出二氧 化碳至水中,都是利用擴散作用進行。 三水熄的排洩法:
冰蟪無算一之排建器官兼無伸缩肥,故具体内所 產生之C0,和和廢物只是利用擴散作用排出体外。
姆水螅的生镇法:
☆出芽生殖,環境優良時,由於問细见不断方化成 各英霞細胞,使水螅体壁有一部分凸起,斷形成一 下体,此芽体裏面的传继母水稳主腔腾是知通 白此身体漸漸長出口和觸手於是便生成与小
此与水螅若在安定狀態時仍附於安体還可 角食和行出芽生殖此時水螅每作樹枝狀, 若水流動盪或其他原因子水熄,基部收露 構成基盤脱離毋体品生活
白再生生殖水螅再生力強,每每在不正,
常環境下受外力衝擊成二或數
段海段可長出失去之部分面成数
体
2. 有性生殖 两性生殖
冰螅在環境苏時,例如過冷(秋策、冬天)
·买長期黑暗水遏份污濁水熄便由間細胞 分化出精巢或卵巢附於外胚層,精巢可有一 巨邊個錐狀突起,一般長在体幹之上方卵巢精業 数目较少,每每祗有一個,半球狀突起,一般 長在修幹之下方 水螅之精算卵巢每不同時發生或不同時与 熟故水螅通常是行異体受精而生殖很 机㑹是行自传受精和生殖的
·水螅的每一個精象含無數精子与卵藥 農祗有一個卵子、精子成熟散到水裏由卵 無裂口鑽進和真內之卵手結合成合子 合子在裏面渐分裂遇發成胚胎,外有殼 泡着殼有保護作用,具殼之胚胎,當 卵巢破製後沉於水底,抵抗惡劣環境,至 天氣和暖胚胎再潼發成水螅破殼而出,
胚胎
未成熟卵藥
<
-傑細胞
方体生殖屬於無性生殖,其分裂成之二細胞 ※消耗子細胞え
無殺手細胞之分二变成多细胞生物 7.出來生殖屬於無性生殖,生殖結果所產生之新国体舆原国体
a有親子之分一,無親子之分,变為不分離之群停 買再生生殖醬無性生蠖為生物補償美缺未部分之行為,此過程會增
個体数目故屬出殖之一種,但板限於
單細胞動物
細胞動物
全部低等
细胞動物
單細胞動物若切為二部
無核一邊不能生存
無核一邊與漢核
2.具核之一邊可能再生
回失去部分:
一邊都可能再生出—
無核雙臭核 之二半邊細胞:二 能生存
2.把手形成生殖營無性生殖其他形成過程必須經下列情况後才能達到生殖目標:
核分裂一次四核分裂多次
不须分餐:
機合生殖屬有性生殖,其彼此接合之細胞高
不同形和大小
主生殖骨有性生殖奧彼此結合之細胞為
同形同天
攀四種單細胞動物名稱
·攀四種子細胞無脊椎動物表情. 第四種睦腸動物治
不同形和大!!
三下列為水螅的切面湖填-
標線所指各部名稱:
L羁和水悲的消化法,
解答.
me 76 82 96 105, ca 120, 132, 14 伸縮
5.質膜 6.細胞核,偽足
13 接伸縮胞 14.麵射管心讓
7
潘1胞口20胞咽2)形成中心震物胞,双胞肛照 z) 缽免
变形器
满足包围食物粒形成食物胞納纖毛之擺勤促成水流把食物粒冲入胞 食物细胞肉
口形成食物胞纳食物於细胞的
固定於肥肚點排出
排運經膜無固定部位 伸縮胞一個無輻射管 細胞之
【為極薄之原生性膜,故体形易改变,為凝摩2、细胞膜,特精皮膜,没有固定之体形 最味
祗冥無性生殖中心二分仲生殖和真無性生殖中之二分碎生殖和为性 ]袍子形成生殖
43141643) (P. Caudatum 1,19) 運動 膚变形運動
魔纖毛運動
细胞內無葳動纖維聯絡
「細胞內有感動織組聯絡 應對外來刺激有正與質的趨動性反對納來激亦有正與真的趨動性不忍
且有嘗試錯誤等反應去擺脫障碍物
Question: (2) Haw does a bank create aredit? Ansver:
By far the most important function of a bank is to create credit, By this is meant that a bank can:
increase the quantity of money the people have and
How a bank does it is not at all difficult to
comprehend, if we can use an imaginary example to illustrate the principle behind it..
Supposing in a small community, there is a bank and it is the only one the people have, and the amount of legal tender (or cash as it is more commonly know) the people have is in all one thousand dollars, Now
if the bank persuades: the people to use cheques instead. of cash by convincing them that cheques are more: :nvenient and safer (especially when they are crossed) whereas cash always presents an element of risk, the jeople will gradually get used to the idea or using chemes more often and cash less frequently.
Soon all the people will deposit their cash with the bank and the popularity of cheques spreads. When he person receives a cheque, at the beginning he wil return it to the bank and draw the money in cash out,
ut as he later realizes that he can always use cheques ind, in fact, mat people by now are using cheques mora
han cash, he returns the cash to the bank and let tha ank credit the deposit in his own account..
Before Jong the bank also realizes that the one thousand dollars deposited in the bank is for the mas part untouched. The withdrawal of cash is on the average a few dollars and even. the money withdrawn da normally returned within a day or so. Thus it is possible for the bank to use the deposited money. asia. loan to a customer. But the bank cannot possibly use: all the money deposited to create a loan, since as har been pointed out, sons of the customers may withdraw a few dollars each day, 'so the bank decides that there ought to be a reserve kept behind before making a loan. The bark may decide that a reserve of $100 should be sufficient to meet any withdrawal from any customer. since the average withdrawal on any one day is only Paw dollars. Thus subtracting #100 from $1,000, will Leave $900 and with this the bank will be able to make
vaflable a loan.
Supposing Mr. Wong comes along and asks for a loan The bank will of course be willing to lend the $900 to him, but before doing so, the bank wants to know. what sort of property Memone can mortgage, because shoulds. wong fail to return the loan at a promised date, the bank can always recover the loan by selling away the mortgaged property, usually through an auction. So if the bank is satisfied with the property :mortgaged by y. Wong, the bank give the $900 (cash) t
Mr. Mong. But before Mr. Mong leaves the bank, he is told that he can deposit the money with the bank and
cheques instead. Knowing that the whole community is now using cheques, Mr. Wong naturally agrees to this idea, and so when he leaves the bank he-takes Away & cheque book which entitles him to withdraw his $900 which is now deposited back in the bank.
The amount of cheque money in the community is aow therefore $1,900. It ds: cbvious that the bank has expanded the money economy by $900, But, it is equall obvious that not all this cheque money is backed by legal tender; only $1,000 Ls backed by legal tendery what about the other $900, Well, we know that the other $900 19 backed by the mortgaged property that to Mr. Wong.
Since it is me ouy bank in the community, the bank knows that when the people widta cheques and gin the cheques to each other, the cheques in the end wil come back to the bank, and what the bank does is only a matter of transferring figures and not actual cash from oma: customer's account into another customarta. The bank can therefore continue to use the: cash.. deposited by Mr. Kong (the $900) as a new loan for another customer, but again before it does it has to. keep back a reserve. At this stage the bank may decide that since it has originally kept the reserve as $100 it may as well stick to the original reserve requirement which works out as 10%. Thus 10% of $900 18 -490; the. bank will therefore subtract $90 from $900 Leaving: $810 as a new loan for another customer. Now if this 8810 cash is lant to say Hr. Lee, and again the bank advises Mr. Lee to use cheque money instead, and Mr. Ine agrees, the amount of cheque money In the community is (61,000 + $900 - $810=) 42,710 so that i
the pank continues, and it certainly does, to make another Ican to another customery the amount of deposited cash (in accordance with the reserve requirement of 10%) must be:¥271, and therefore the next loan is $729 (after subtracting $81 from it, which is 10% of it).
ine bank will continue to make new loans to new customers until a stage is reached when the reserve requirement is fulfilled with the final loan. Using the formula of multiplying the initial cash deposit in the bank by the reciprocal of the reserve requirement, it can be quickly discovered the amurst of credit: the bank has created. In our imaginary axample the bank has extended the credit to {$1,000 x
$10,000
ct must be remembered that the bank in the above illustration is used to represent the entire banking ayatem in actual circumstances, for a bank by itself is. incapable of creating credit. You will notice too0, that we have not taken into account the interest the
·bank charges whenever it advances a loan to a customar The interest the bank charges has been intentionally overlooked in order to avoid any unnecessary complie
Exercise No.5
(1) Discuss the merits and demerits of the different forms of money that exist in our community,
2) Explain the defects of money and the results
brought, by these defects (点
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