How did Metternich influence European Affairs) between 1815-18307.
Affairs/
日三初月十年申式版
WAH KIU YAT PO
見矗的人的結罐對不
文中學會考 試題預習
歷史科
̇張子宛
HISTORY (ANA
「己的實任,就是不清楚自己的查任,如果
寬?爆此而作出的結論代补了甚瑟人出的
。所以遠件工作是很値得做的。
·青是研究和聽耎,而不是租齢別的專家來“局設立一個永久性的彽織,曾翻硭究过 【面的家,則委們不是在推知成液壓哨的一璠,因無語文具雅得其他知壞的工具一 一造的廠該是說一門學問的家,他們的哦。如挓害鬬染擴容許的話,我希望有關鹄, 一人了解,被委篇中文科停碗守本片食店,法志不善,整個靜告朱可顼特-上 安逸群 一金乘沙到研究方饯和速度的問題。這變個性的短促,没有超送深思熟甫,加上研究方 | 意ㄢ此一間似莎触-寬相依壐裂。酷的人士新攡開的。可的是,由於時間 問題。楚文致學是整個第六款中 有一
i師證貓鮮
i的明果然
號
一的建國,則是爾突負相互府臨及熱擁有射 ,以及在實際教學的間照,都提出其意 一天出的意見的結果,有關人士基如何選用 。最後馮氏整示:党秀並非絕出可取之 馮氏交桥;至於有贼中學中文科教學:「國資」教员的問群,艾言文出該間及 成。例如強隔滎蔡與中文科有關的外活
馬氏談及語文和文革分科的問題
In 1815, what Europeans needed was international peace, The ain work of the Congress of Viennawad to ensure that there would be no further aggression from:France. Hetternach the Chancellor of Austria, was an aristocrat. He was shrewd and persistent. He bated revolutions and any uprising which woula. upset the monarchical states in aurope, He viewed the new spirit of nationalism and liberalism with ddstrust. wonsequently he tried all he coung and spent hiawnale Life in trying to bring back. absolute rule in Europe. In fact suppresion and.. force were not an effective way of upholding peace, for it: strained the internal tension to a breaking point and when the revolutions broke out, they were all the more violent, he was, as he himself
realized, a man born out of his time. On the other hand his position was such that he has no way: out: except to strike for the impossible in order to uphold monarchical supremacy in Europe. For Austria was made up of such a great variety of discontented races that any uprising in Europe. would endanger it, he was the virtual ruler of the Austrian Empire from 1809 to 1848, and from 1815 to 1848 he was the dominating figure in Europe, so much so that this period has been called the "Era. of Metternich".
His policy was danen on enree principles. He wished to preserve the peace of europe by preventing. any nations to become too powerful, to put down any threat for the existing government and to preserve the Austrian ampire. The Holy Alliance and the
quadruple Alliance came into being. They were means to maintain the settlements in Vienna. The former jone was oniy a mystical vision while the latter
was more practical. Through the Quadrupis Alliance Metternich was able to make his influence felt in many parts of Europe.
aussia and Prussia nan emerged stronger than ever from the epoleonic wars, From Austria !a: militant neighbours Metternich felt keenly the. itnreats. uver the future saxony and Poland in the
Vienna Settlement ne sided with Castlereagh to
protest against Russian and Prussian excessive demands in order to keep the balance of power . 1818, et the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, Metternich again joined Castereagh in protesting against the car's suggestion for sending ar expedition to crush revolts in the Spanish: colonies in South America. Metternich preferred the maintenance of the balance of power to Russian leadership in international affairs. Thus, the Czar's sensational project received no support Matternich was for the admission of France to the Quadruple Alliance. Though it was meant to
strengthen the rule of the Bourbons in France at the time, European palance was adjusted aga inat Russia and Prussia:
In 1820, Liberal movement apread from Spain, .Portugal to Italy and Greece. Metterhich hastened to adopt the policy of intervention, despite the Eritish protest. The Troppan Circular as well as
the derdalong taken at the Congremen of is thas":
and Veroua were to his heart's content, Austrda was given a mandate to restore order in Naples and Piedmont and France in Spain. The Congress Syster under Metternich's manupulations ensured domestic stability in. European states. However England. objected to the interference of other country's. interna) affairs, bngland refused to comoperate with the other Powers and, though unable to prevent intervention in Spain, he succeeded in castrovino tha Congress system.
Thus, this international police system or Metternich came to an end. The failure became more." obvious when himmaia gupported the Greek Bevolution
against Turkey for her om interest and again in 1330 when the July Revolution broke out in France): and the Bourbon King was overthrown, This was ac mortal blow to the principles of the Congress system, which was formed to put down uprising against its "rightful" rulers. There was no doubt international peace in Europe in the early years after 1815, but this is no way to contribute to the maintenance of a long period of general peace. Interference in the uprisings only increased tha tension between the absolutism of the restored monarchies and the liberal revolutionaries. Thus, this peace was only temperal; and Metterniob influence in the European affairs in this period artisfical.
Cie the reasons for the outbreak of the Fir: Anglo-Chinese War of 1839
The First Anglo-Chihene war or syy was also known as the First Opium War As Fairbanks put it, "Opium provided the occasion rather than the sole.. cause of the War" In fact the underlying causes ware deep rooted, Economically speaking, China was: practically-self-sufficient, hgriculture, and not Thus trade, was the basis of the Chinese economy. China took up a condescending attitude with regard to foreign trade: Møredver China Look great pride. in her superior culture. Her ethnocentric feeling, based on her cultural superiority, consequently Lea her to safeguard the infiltration of any destructive elements from outside. She set up restrictions in. trade. These ideas and attitudes ran in contrary with the aggressive economic policy of the westerb trader at the time. They considered international trade as a matter which was beneficial to both parties, concerned. In the vary beginning their basic outlook was different;
British traders were confined to anton, Portuguese to Macao. Foreign traders were confined to trade with the Hong merchants only Direct,
(一九六九年中文
物理科
1二十月一千年八六九一座公年七十五國民顬牛
五期
香書提出強烈的批評。 一會用離檢取樣的方式從一千三百九十開 師、教材、學生及一般常見等五項。委價究方法往往是餚誤的,它最多不過若你一 是由小學校長搵寫的,內容包括學校、灏有過本,開邀田建陽的根道,這像的研
• 英e近在茲大季生重圆刊「墨布」佐.竟有多大的代表性??他們的取线是如何 表一篇長文,就中文科教敞许究委免會餐,阿比压篇:「我懂得整個研究方法就
· 馮氏官先推出小唱中文科激肠的撕奎,但克料的不等於收监意見,就然。 . 〔特饫) 杳港大解灏育氶譯師遇以产,他们是一般中文教師,則我要問他們究
·有值得商憶之島。研究和投其資料是分不
華校中出一百開,把港格區發È質的一個方米茍習研究院
文教學之基本着眼點 及所提出之建 均値得愽疑 更辣略語 認爲所蒐集之資料不可所作出之結論
港大教育系講師馮以浤
批評中文教學報告書
̇們繩
|的意見,完全没有理會到,無論上,校 |喜做的宝要忍行政工作,他們對中文,中文科的教目孝感想是:{} 導學生踞識茶本文字,秋賞兒實文學,
還有幾難,也隔了一層。至於學生和家長,證碼,包括實融和制作。」 校長畫發激食,但誰能保證?再說,就 ·照分鎭現有之所材。分們的研究工作 勞,光是調查校長似乎失桀片,雖然說一内容靴方法,我們,像英国素独融和學生 高毡邀傅佩奇搜集到的資料可常否?會要收取区,還要陳述研究與基的 在十五開,我們先要解决一個相酋基本的甜它的南為意黏为保守的,因循的。我
了取裏小
分之二十七。因此,取橫的代沓性不强。」、實;〔相璐遇生寫宇正 是私立的,但在地標賽,私立小潛能佔百,生運用新官,文字八張楊文狀物•
文台四開减能力,無趣,習慣;八)培安
一朝台市第十三百所說的「這實的紀料應
一係本的內容偬「尙可」,而學生課外讀
[十六頁第二段却說:「各校無推出一個醫
符窿鄗,网詩鱭乏忍當的補-
實物。」第度日。但不論是在明白观予運的過程中: 女長見:「中文科(國語)本多下,交通,换句歷嬌,是累了明白人及 - - 兹染一例以黨其至:第十五間第十段引了。牠們學習語文,當然是慰焦了和别人 一刻,但了傳就的關係,本文不可过这一发而大大,另一方面式把双京联的遗言 在变。沿次調査所彌得的資料龈有矛盾之扶贫古今文學作品。勤很入畫得這個自織 冯小學中文科革的一般框源j惑句話的可奈的能力、趣、習費;(三)挖真學生
「結為和莖網一樣。」 ! 說及摄时的东醒,如同姆特蝨無料播的“還忘了。」 一對特中文科教區研究委員會操业而作出的,想很渦營,想得發現,少點委員杳然思是: 。」可見此迩並得不漩底,表邃得不符裝,所以,語文数 墨的点法本於振斯就是仲基者得思想,
考試題預習
:鄧炳恩
A.直線運動與牛蘋運動足律 ̇問答計算題題解
1.解(回設向下之向量杨正向
+295
-(-40)+2. 32 X 5
即物体經續上升最高之高度酒25呎
z g t
-40
5 + 2 × 32 × (5)")
此時物体在汽球下面200 呎
· = u + g t =
= 120(呎/秒)
-40+32x5
物体之速度为120呎秒向下
(∞ s=uλtá g t
$75
40元 + 支×32尤
千解設v為子弹與木塊之共同速度
v = √2gh =√2x9.8 × 10
=1.4 (*/4))
設子弹射入塊之速度化系
mu = (n+M)V
15 K = (15+ 3000) × 19 × 10
28100 (34/47).
3.功能與功率
填-
題:
育
1.欲将至10千克之物体铅直舉起2米則所
作之功為
焦耳或” 尔格 只星1仟克之自由落体在開始下落之最初3 焦耳,最初 对其所作之功為 平均功率為
347
3呎 10
童自與物体成30°角三拉刀作 用在此物体上使其於5秒鐘内在光滑之平 面滑行10米則此力所作之功為 耳其平均功率 高
瓦特
·物体以80呎/秒之初速在動摩擦係數為 0.2 5 之平面上滑行,则此物体在静止前所 行之路程为......所需之時间為
5.3200磅重之汽車沿30°之斜坡下行当汽
車之速度為40呎/秒時,欲使其於
止则加在汽車上之制動力
162 - 40t - 875=0
( 4t −35)(4t +25) = 0
· x = 35/4 '47) ★ t=-* 着地之時间为35/4秒
(秒)
6一静
解
960
200
200
9600×32-3× 200X32=3X6XZ000X Q
T
a = 3.2 (PR/452)
2X200 × 32
T, = 6400(磅董)
(C) T2 =/ X 200 × 3 2
T2 = 32.00 (341)
3.解()設物体C元最人重量為W,则
- 0.2x (w + 10)X32=0
^ T = 0.2x (w †10) × 32 ***** (1) 25×32-7
或T=5×32
由())块(2)得 W= / 5(磅主)
(D)T-02X
6, 3之
()) + (2) {}
72
10 a
a
150=3×32
4.4 (+R{$7")
communication in urinese officials were banned. All petitions to the government had to go through these Hong merchants. The Hong merchants, being the only necessary middlemen, would exploit
·ed vantages at the expence of both the chities. merchants and foreign traders. The lack of direct contact between the foreigner and Chinese officials: gave the Europeans no chance to voice their grievances. Language was another barrier and createdi greater misunderstanding between the two parties Moreover, the foreign traders was not treated as equals. Their movements in China was greatly restricted. For criminal: offences, foreigners wars punished by the Chinese according to Chinese Laws,
w.ene Chinese. Thus conflict arose from the increased contact between eastern and western civilization.
Opium Formed the immediate cause of t ne warey Since China·was not interested in the European goods, there was a serious drain of silver from: Burope Into China. In order to adjust the condition) of trade, western traders began to import opium into China. As opium trade increased, it demoralized the country. So on the one hetki vnum began to prohibit the import of opium, while on the other hand western traders wanted to remove tha} restrictions of trade and import more opium to China, dritain sent missions, under Macartney (1793)and then under: Amherst (1812) and finally under Napier (1834), to try to put trade on a
- 火車在1%之斜坡頂上向下滑行4 仟呎然後在水平軌道上行走跟火卓之阻力 為每噸12磅(1噸為2000磅),則火車降 里斜坡末端時之速度為 汉火事在水
早軌道上再行
味而停止, 7-物体從靜止闭始自由沿下在落下
與2米時物体動能之比為
在落 下1秒末笑又秒末物体動能之比為
8以恆力 800磅把重120000磅之卡早上1% 坡設卡車所受之阻力為每噸8磅(1噸 等於2仟磅)此卡車之初速為30呎/秒則 当十章之速度减至20呎/秒時莫在斜坡上 所行之距離為
9以重980克之鉄鎚將釘尝入木板1至米設 *木板之平均阻力為20仟克则鎚峦釘時之
速度為
10火車之速度為304米/時所受運動阻力為
70千克则火車之功率為
瓦特
regular footing but achieved no result. The deadlock remained; while misunderstand increade
This inflammable situation broke into wary when in 1839 the new commissioner Lin Tse-Hsu demanded the surrender of opium from the British traders. He also demended guarantees againet future upium trade. In this dispute, violence broke out, which finally led to war between China and England,
Thus to sum up, the basic cause of the war. was the misunderstanding which arose from the twn. civilizations, the east and west. When trade increased pew competitors entered the markets.)
Restrictions were greatly felt Tension between China and the west increased and exasper Lion flared up until it led to war. In addition the weak control of the Ching government over its local officials. made it impossible to carried out any. effective
policy. For the kestern traders they were determined to open China by the removal of restrictions and tariff. When China refused. war was inevitable:
Questions for next weeksi
Explain why the year 1830 was calledčatYearTor nevolutions;
What were the causes which lead China, and i thel European Bowers. into war in 18567