二第張六第
日五初月五年申戊壓
(接第六張第一頁)
WAH KIU YAT PO
英中會考經濟及公共事務科答案
(續)
✪
劉奇敏。
Digger transportation' costs result in -a -
bigger spread between the prices charged lum
the same product in widely-separated
countries than there is in countries near to each other - example - a pair of Hong Kong-made shoes will not cost much more in Ma cao than in Hong Kong, but if purchased in say, Canada, it is obviously going to cost a great deal more than in Hong Kong or Масло,
(1) Different forms or banking systems 13 the
world can hinder international trad Streamlining the different national banking systems is one solution.
(111) Different forms of national currencies an use in the world are another hindrance to international trade, The International Monetary Fund exists primarily to remove this obstacle.
(iv) The shifting of the. Iaours or prestuction is another factor to consider. Labour, în particular is difficult to shift as human beings invariably are reluctant to go to places with which they are not familiar, (v) The economic policies of governmente can also affect international trade – if one government imposes a protective tariff or increase the existing customa-duty, the exporting countries may reduce their exporta or impose retaliatory tariffs.
+
-
(vi) Countries A and B. trade extensively`
because of differences in offmate and the uneven distribution of natural resources so that unless they exchange their commodities they cannot enjoy what they themselves gannot produce. It' may be also because they are close neighbours. so that distance is not a problem shifting of factors of production is easy and convenient flow of capital is unobstructed and transportation costs are low. In short - the principle of comparative costs is applicable here, Another reason may be that the different kinds of skilled labour are unevenly distributed between A and B, Bo that. where any particular kind of skill is scarce the country A must import from country B and vice versa.
(vii)
B and C have very little trage, possibly because they both share the sama. type of climate, possessing, similar kinds aff
skilled labour." Gountry C'apparently is eelf-sufficient and its national
income
is high and it is therefore economicaliy independent, Bi and C could be separated by a great din tanpa so that it is economically unsound to have bilateral trade. It may be on the ground of national development that the goveranenz of country C has considered it best to develop 'human ability and potential, skill existing in C in order to reape reward - thus haavy protective duties are imposed on manufactured imports, yo making them more expensive, so eventua) consumers have to buy the home product. another possible reason is that the government of C is thinking in tera of national aafety, for in times of war. if two countries were previously depending on each other's products," they may be cut off from each other. Finally it may be that country C is insolvent - of having an "adverse balance of payments", and on the ground of national solvency that trade between B and C is reduced to the minimum.
五期重
日一州月五年八六九一靨公年七十五國民華中
育教健堂
rooftopa. Those who wish to reside in another country can seek help from the.
united Nation High Commission for Refugees.)
year, which are worked out based on previsus years' statistics. The budgetary statement is accompanied withị explanations for any abnormal increase in the following year's expenditure.
(vi) The Financial Secretary will then compare
the budgetary. statement of each department. with his own estimates of eame of each department, adjusting any differences accordingly. Talks may be subsequently held between the Financial Secretary and each
departmental head regarding each department' budget submission
(vii) The estimates of expenditure and revenue or
each department are then added up and the Financial Secretary will then be able to know, with a certain degree of accuracy," the Government's financial position during the next year.
(viii) A day is then fixed. for the Financial.
Secretary to prés before the Leg the Governor. Colony's eco affecting of (ix) The Council
ite Finance recommendat (x) A date 18-
the Coung the budg
(xi) The offi.
another and if budget adopted
subsequent.
at future mee
the course of
that a new items
the Government budget Council presided by 180 comment on the
unce any proposals)
tion.
he budget to
her study and
jal "members" of) stimates of
"reply at bte is taken,
returned, the, imates are
the budget will be
the form of Billai re/Council. During
a department finds penditure has arisen,
which was not fore: len at the time of preparing the budgetary statement, it can then apply to the Council for_the_money_known, as a "supplementary".
(xii) The budget de actually the instrument by
swhich “ palier bearably carried
(D) Describe the constitution and work of the targ
Kong Housing Authority. Give a brief account of the amenities provided and of the met of allocation. (Do not give statistics numbers already housed).
(1) The Hong Kong Housing Authority is establish–)
with the primary object to
(iii) The
is back
LONG KONG
(0) What IB a government budget? Show how it fa
• made and how it is applied. (1) A Government budget as a list or estimaten
of the various sources of þrobable income and probable speddings by the various departmenta of the Government calculated on £ yearly basis. It is to provide a forecast of the Government's financial position during the next financial year which beginn on the 1st of April of one ysen and enda on the 31st March of the following year. (ii) Government has to estimate reseñues
obtained from fees the citìmaña, paid when making use of Government facilities and services, royaltién paid by public utility companies, renta and paymenta to Government arising from rental of Government property like Government piers and markets, and the various forms of taxes.
A
(111) Having obtained figures for estimated
revenue and, estimated expenditure, Government may arrive at one of the three economic positions – à surplus, a deficit or a balanced budget, Knowing what economic position Government would be in can help Government to remedy the situation such as if there is going to be a deficit, new taxes can be introduced or higher rates 'of tax can be impòáedi (iv) The Financial Secretary is responsible for
the preparation of the Government budget - which has to be présented before ther Legislative Council before the advent or a new financial year. Each Government department must get the approval of the Legislative Council first before it can be granted any money for ibs yearly expenditure. (v) At the beginning of February the head of
each department has to submit a budgetary statement to the Financial Secretary, This #tatement shows estimates of probable expen- diture and revenue for the next financial
ing siter
he responsibility of housing those
een 400 and $900 a month.
54 creates this organ- All members of the
and certain the Governor. The
Services
Trying out the decisions of the
* uned with
Ministering its Deen asked to at housing
today therefore] sation of the
it under this
Housing Authority
Be with government- able to obtain build- Government at one-third of
OR
the estimated market price. Government also, grants the Authority loans repayable over 40 years with interest compounded at 5. cent per annum,
..
Every estate built by the Housing Authori tý is almost identical; example t
-the Choi Hung Estate. Each estate has a number of atoreys consisting of self-contained flats. There are shops, clinica, sèhople and kindergartené and playgrounds; management is of a high atandard and regular maintenance is carried o .out.
(v) Tenente are, seiected on the basis of housing
need and a pojāta aystem is oneratedi'
milodation of living space in each unit la based on 35 square feet per person; kitchen, toilet and bathroom are excluded.
(vi) Future policy of the Authority appeare to be
giving greater emphasis to building of "ea tellite" towns such as the present project; at Po Fu-Lam, designed as a self-contained town, comprising a market, 16 shops, four schools, some" kindergartens, a post office, a public library and other medical and dental facilities as well as social and community i amenities.
17. (LA) What do you understand by rehabilitation?
Illustrate your answer by describing the work done in Hong Kọng for refugese,” drug addicts and people crippled in accidente. (i) The restoring of a person to a former
position, either through helping him or by giving him some special treatment, is given the term "rehabilitation". For instance, when a refugee comes to Hong Kong he is a stateless person; he seeks political asylum; he needs financial help shelter, food and clothings. The many refugees that have fled from Mainland China have found new homes in. Hong Kong. Most_of_them have found new,
homes in Hong Kong. Most of them on arrival in Hong Kong dwell on the hillsides or seek shelter on rooftops of old tenement-houses/ and become illegal squatters. Resettlement Department, since 1954, has launched reset- tlement programme for these refugees. Today more than a million people are living in resettlement' estates --- enjoying more decent Tacilities than those found_on_hillsides_or_
(ii) Drug addicts are rehabilitated by the
Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation for Drug Addicts, Its treatment centre isjon Shek Wu Chau Island where a six-month; treatment programme is available,*A drug. addict is also given vocational training after his rehabilitation, he can seek new employment, and start life again. Between! 1961 and 1966, S.A.R.D.A.; had discharged total of 1,113 drug addicte, During that period the treatment centre could only accommodate 250 patients at a time.“Today as a result of recent expansion work being] done at the centre with the implementation. of new equipment, the centre can holdj 500 drug addicts at one time. Government} departments have also been involved in combating this problem at Tai Lam there a a treatment centre for convicted drug) 'addicts.TM
f) Accidente,"especially"in"industry,Torten happen causing people to become orippped' for life. One voluntary organization -the Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation la noted for rehabilitating these unfortunate people. The Society was formed in the middle of 1959. It operates a medical centre at Kwun Tong provides an up-to-date * programme of treatment for people injured in factories or at dangerous places of work {" such as mining or construction sites. The Society provides physiotherapy "as part of. the programme."Physiotherapy is the teaching of an injured person to u handicapped limb, after being an artificial one. He is also” vocation; eventually he is i gymnastica to enable him to physical health. # number: given to him to assess his it is discovered that thei life again, he is subsequ, he is thus able to be 35
(B). Government provides servi citizen. In return citize and the Press) have a du Show what these duties a your answer with definite (1) A citizen should assist
possible; for example to to help arrest a criminal (ii) to take an interest ing
vote at Urban Council a juror when requeste to keep the city clea rubbish about; or spi (iv) to pay taxes; e.g. deo
income truthfully.'
(v) to defend the city in tim
join the defence services". vi) employare must co-operate
e... inform changes of purpose of sale les ta employees to ta er
(vi) obey the laws
speed limits when
viii) the press must obe
must not abuse "fre must not preach hati Government policies
(ix) to keep good health
against disease like of
(C) Describe the development of Kwun
'
out the part played by Government. Show the advantages of this particular development. (1) Kwun Tong has been reclaimed fron une sea.
a project that began thirteen searthagō, making available an additional 641 acres of land of which 154 are solely used for, industry.
industry.
(ii) Government has allowed purchasers of
industrial land leases in Kwun Tong to pay by instalments over 20 years – in incentive that results in, the establishment of mora than 500 factories by the end of 1967, at Kwun Tong with a labour force of about 48,500. people, roughly taking up 12 per cent of the Colony's industrial work force. (iii) Government's policy is to encourage the
growth of "satellite" towns, in order to raduce time spent by people in travelling to and from their home and place of work. Eventually the traffic in the city can become less congested and there is no pubĦO` transport problem.. Overcrowdedness in the city area such as the Centrál District, Mongkok,, and Shamshuipo which have the highest densities of population, can be overcome. Self-contained towns, as "satellite" towns are, are the only solution to Hong Kong's rapidly rising population. Policing in a 'self-contained' town is also easier and can”. be done more effectively.
(iv) The Hong Kong Society had built at the end 1967 1,731 flats that make up the low-cost housing estate at Kwun Tong. Private enter prise is also responsible for the growth of large numbers of residential flats in Kwun Tong. Governments has also started to build a recreational project for swimming at Kur Tang. The complex when completed can accommodate 5,000, people and will provide separate pools for teaching, diving, and · children and there will be facilities for competitive swimming at international standards. An 11-acre park will surround this. complex. A post office, a police station, clinios, banks, day nurseries, schools and market-places are found in Kwun Tong today. Such facilities and services make life more convenient and confertable and eliminate any mad rush sa ia tvoically found in an Urban community.