第二張四第
日五初月五年申戌重
WAH KIU YAT PO # 容
五期益
日一卅月五年八六九一膺公年七十五國民華中
育教欉華
英中會考地理(二)答案
續) 、劉玉領。
英中會考地理(-)答案
《續) 。劉玉鎮。
Suggested Ansvers
6.K. Certificate of Education Examination, 1963
PAPER II/
Section A
"
GEOGRAPHY
1. The Photographs A and B show geographical features
formed by external and internal forces or the earth.
(s) Pick out the photograph showing the fa ture
formed by internal forces:
(1) What is this feature called ?
This feature is called an anticline.. (ii) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, how
internal forces of the earth have caused this feature.
an anticline as an upfold caused by interual forces acting upon sedimentary rock surata along the surface of the earth! crust. The strata dip outwards, forming limbs on either side of the central line. Folding usually occurs along lines of weakness where compressional forces come from opposite direcțions and compress the rock strata, causing them to fold.
limb
Anticline
Rock strata,
Compression/
forces
Imb
Suggested Answers
GEOGRAPHY 1
H.K.Certificate of Education Examination_1969
(continued)
(a) On the map of South East Asia,
(i) Mark the Equator.
(ii) Use blue arrows to indicate the prevailing winds in July, north and south of the Equator.
...
(iii) Use red arrows to indicate a typical
typhoon track. (iv) Print the name of the islands 1 and 2.
500
Equator
}
extensive swamps along the coasts and the absence of good harbours and river transport is frequently interrupted by rapids,
sandbanks, and flooding. Owing to the compact
shape and size of the island, the interior of Kalimantan is hardly accessible from the seaj and remain virtually uninhabited. Moreover, the former Dutch Borneo was ignored by Holland in favour of developing the more, accessible and fertile islanda
Fisheries and forestry are two important primar industries in Japan.
a) What is meant by primary industries? '
Primary industries are activities' directly concerned with the collecting or utilisation of the. resources provided by nature for the production of unprocessed commodities. It.includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, hunting and mining.
(b) Why has Japan become one of the Leading;
fishing nations in the world?
The development of fisheries in Japan can be attributed to a number of physical as well as economic factors. First of all, it lies on a shallow continental shelf where sunlight can penetrate to the sea floor. The Warm Kuro Siwo. current meets the cold Kamchatka current from the north just off 7 the coasts of Hokkaido and Honshu. These are, ideal conditions for the growth, of plankton/ upon which the fish feed. As Japan has latitudinal extent of over 15, the watera) immediately off shore vary in salinity and temperature and thus produce a wide variety, of species. Secondly, the long, indented coastline of Japan provides good harbours to be developed into fishing ports. Thirdly, the laok of good agricultural lowland, as a result of the mountainous nature of the country, and the expanding population have made it necessary for the Japanese to turn to the sea for part of their food. The necessity for augmenting the food supply with fish is aggravated by the fact that most Japanese are Buddhista and they eat fish but not meat. Fourthly, the growth of industrial populations as potential markets, the developments in land transport that facilitatea the distribution of the oath. the scientific
(111) What 'major landrørm would be, caused if
..these forcesztere to occur on a large
scale? Give ONE example.
Fold mountains would be formeď if (these forces were to occur on a large
scale. The Himalayas is an example in pointy B) Pick out the photograph showing the feature
formed by external forces:
(1). What processės na responsible for thel
oration of this feature"?
The active process involved la weathering. The type of weathering she wa de termed exfoliation. The heating of a Tock surface by the sud ́and its. rapid booling at night produce 'strains which pause a concentric sheet to pull away."ana} split or peel off."
(11) Describe and explain the geographical
conditions in Hong Kong which encourage the formation of this feature.
Weathering refers to the disir --- tion and decay of rock, affected by physical forces, namely, frost action temperature change, and by chemical fore namely, solution and oxidation, In Hong Kong, the natural vegetation cover is removed by people looking for firewood, and by caralesa hill fires in many places, As a result, rocks are exposed to the Mäkkake of olimatje elements. The täixir
high diurnal range of temperature cauges. the surface layer of rock to expand during the day and to contract during the night. Alternate expansion and contraction cause loraoke to develop and, the surface: layere to break away. In addition, chemical weathering is very active in humid tropi
cal countries like Hong Kong. In the pre». sence, of moisture and beat, various minerals: in the rock are released with greater ORDE. Exfoliationļas therefore very common in Hong)
do tëror to the weather chars in Fig. a
(») Clano FOUR instruments used to record weather›
information plotted on the chart
Four of the instrumente employed ares
■ Taia gango's "e thermometer; a barometer,) and a wind, vane"}"
(Dasoribe as exactly as you can the loca]}
weather, as show on the chart♫
In Hong Kong, the temperature risen to 2590 and the atmospheric pressure, peesires, 190millibar_Rain is recorded.“Winds.coma Tres' tho Bóuth-east'at'a speed of 20 knotsu (B) Describe the pressure distribution over the
afcovered by the chart."
Altropical cyclone(is)centred över South Unliu near,kiong Kong The fatmospiterio pressure Calls to1996[mba;injitsicentre/A\trough{@z- tendo across Taiwan eastwards over to the Pacific. Fressure is high over the East Chinê Spa. Another High appears over the soutkazm part of the Philippines;|
In which poriou of the year to this pressure pattern most likely to be found?
This pressure pattern is most likely to bo found du sunior ( May to October),
xplain the main atmospheric processes:Thick) were causing rain over South China.
"Over' South China, cycloniq rain falls As a tropical depression has developed, air streams converge at the centre of the depress Hop, Muere streams of different temperatures moet, worm air is forced to rise over the cool air, resulting in cooling of the former air case. The moisture in it condonses, giving risą to rain..
J..zne" Vool Temperato Lands are "places well beyond' the Tropics wilch never have the swi very high in the sky, and thioh during part of the year
prevailing winds in July ́ typhoon track
Waland 1 : Bangka Island 2:
Borneo
(b) (1) What important mineral is mined on the
island 1. ? Tin is mined on the island 1.
(ii) What geographical factors have favoured the
development of the mining industry in this island?
Bangka,. together with Billiton, produces almost all of the tin which is' mined in Indonesia, Tin ocours chiefly at alluvial deposits in the foothills never the cozat, Surface mihing methods such as aredging, gravel pumping and dulang washing are employed; these methods are 1ess expensive and legé dangerous than shaft mining. Bangka produces a high grade oassiterite which is rich in tin_oontent./ Tin concentrate is exported via Singapore, which is a focal point of the world's) major shipping routes. Labour can be
asily recruited from the densely peopled countries hard by and the island' can.. safely depend on its heavy rainfall for, its supply of water for the mining operations,
auvangement' and' the prosperity of the ship-' building industry all encourage the rapid expansion of commercial fishing in Japan, The Japanese adopt a great variety of modern fishing methods and their fishing fleets are among the best equipped in the world capable of going to distant fishing grounds.
IES
(0) (1) How is the distribution of forest types ir
Japan related to relief and temperature?
Temperature is important in control-m ling the distribution of farest types. As temperature generally decreases with increasin altitude, lief may cause temperature varia-; tions and thus exercise .control on the type of tree to be found in a particular locality.7 In the cold temperate north of Japan, in Hokkaido, coniferous trees represent an ad- Justment to the colder conditions. Coniferous trees sise appear at high altitudes in Honshus The temperate lands of northern and contral Honshu are covered in broad-leavad deqiauous tress and mixed. forests of coniferous and deciduous trees. These may also be found at high altitudes, in Kyushu and Shikoku. The sub-tropical parts of southern Japan, includ- ing southern Honshu, Kyushu, a d Shikoku, are olad in broad-leaved evergreen forests excapt. at high elevations as stated above."
BRA
(a) at geographical factors have handica
the development of that part of the island which is part of Indonesia?
Kalimantan Indonesian Bernes, is the least developed part a Indonesia. It carries only a very se population. Its! high relief, low soil fertility, enervating @quatorial climate, inhospitable vegetation cover, difficult access, and a relative lack of valuable minerals all play part in detaining its development.
It has, a rugged mountainous backbone covered with thick and impenetrable jungles. Volcanoes are absent and so there is no fertile volcanio soil as in Java and Sumatra, Lying astride the equator
it has a very heavy rainfall (over 160") and high temper- tures. The montony and extreme humidity, together with the consequent incidence of malaria and other tropical diseases, make this area almost forbidding to settlers. Though small quantities of gold, diamond, coal and oil and other metals are prosent, exploitation is still in its infancy due to difficulty of access. Railways and roads are not developed on any noticeable scale; coastal traffic is hampered by the presence of
#rinvaythe▼awyattso`loy an angle, and the days of which are so short, that there are from one to five months with temperatures legs than 43 F. (B.0. Robinson).
(a) Name ONE of the climatic factors mentioned
(in the above definition of the cool temperate
Iclimatic bolta.
The factor is latitudo. (b) Explain the major factors which influence.
blinate.
The major factors which influencer climate are latitude, altitude, distance from
fana the sea, acean currents, prevailing winds, mountain ranges acting as effective climatic barriers.
Ɔn an 'average, temperature decreases 'with increasing distance.from the equator oving to the less intense heating by the sun at the poles. Tenperature also decreases as
(11) Give four ways in which these natural
resources are used,
The se natural resources are useful in that they provide fuel for cooking and easily worked material for a wide range of constructional purposes. Wood has given place to iron, steel and concrete in many cases, but it is still much in demand for railway sleepera, pit-props; and furniture manufac turing. Softwood timbers are the raw material) for the wood-pulp and paper manufacturing industry. In addition, forest help to prevent soil erosion and slow down the rapid run-off of surface water which, if uninterrupted, loads to flooding and silting up of reservoirs Scenic spots covered in natural forests may be. developed auto recreational grounds and tɔuripe atractions.
I
"go"up" mountain slopes, at 'a usual ra. 1°F for every 300 feet of ascent. Such oal variations in temperature are caused the fact that the air gets thinner and 1* pressure is lower on high altitude's Clip is modified by proximity to large oceana spundep. 450jjs eur squezano uepo 095 70-471
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