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History (30)
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1. What were the economic and solitical results of
the Economic Depression of 1979-1931?
In 1929, the world experienced the Great Depression, which was more nearly world wide than kay previous economic crisis, Loss of investments by millions of more or less wealthy people, unemployment, lack of food and other necessities of life, about troubles and wrest were common. Every where sales declined at an unprecedented rate, There were many causes for this universal calamity. The cost of the Great war, beyond comparison greater than that of any previous war. had ultimately to be borne tỷ the peoples, and there is no return for this expense, Moreover, when] the great struggle was over, there was rapid increase in production. For a while, there were enought purchasers because credit was extended, buying on installments increased, and much nigh pressure salesmanship was employed. But in 1929, sales declined, factories cut prices and vagas, credit ceased, and banks which had extended too much credit collapsed. All governments frantically
strova to find a way out of the terrible circle of.
low wages, declining production and sales, and still lower waged.
(KVVO TTĪRIN)TMs undertook extensive reliMĚT measures, but no nation seamed to be able to find the right solution, All nations of Eurepe adosted s policy of national self-sufficiency, that is, of selling es much as possible to others and of buying as little as possible from others. High tariffs, fostering home industries by subsidise and other aids, only succeeded in checking ståli dore the free flow of goods to places where they were most needed. The depression increased the international Jealousy in more than one on50.
The Great Depression began in the U.S.A, with the collapse of the stock exchange in Wall Street. It caused an almost complete stoppage at
international trade, and ended the American scans,
that bad enblad Germany to pay her ver debtes
The world was so interlocked that increasingly beves the affairs of one had become the affairs of all, Sconomie disaster spread farther and farther, quta soross the United States, to Europe and Japan and en to remote Australian ports. In city after city,
long lines of unemployed men wited hopelessly
for work, Unemployment was heaviest in industrial areas and in countries which had depended an export trade.
Everywhere the governments in power,” though it was not specially their fault, found themselves unpopuler. In Britain, the Socialists in 1931 had to give way to a National Government, which was nevertheless soon forced off the gold standard and compelled to abandon Britain's historie Dolley of free trade. The unemployment figures rose to three million. In the United States, the, next election saw the triumph of franklin. Roosevelt, In Germany, the existence of siz million wamloyed provided a tremendous #concedo souron or discontent to add to the already considerable list of political grievances? Communian spread and began to saare the middle olasses, The Great Depressiori carried power to the Austrian corporal who had failed at Munich in 1923. He gave German workers hope. He promised) then employment. At a moment, Hitler's proposals vero irresistible to the Germáns, and therefore, on this wave of social and snonomia discontent, Hitler was swept into power,
The saciumit Hitler came into power,” the, international out look darkened.
2.) Why “is defeat in mr often disastrban to`
monaraby? Give several examples in nineteenth century history where defeát resulted in the over throw of `a, wonarchy.
Throughout the course or history, Kings and emperors have used war as means of furthering thei, own ambitions or settling their differences, often, A ̈ SUGORESTúl foreign war gervæð ádny purposes, For example, 14 can unite a divided country in the face of a foreign foe; it can divert the minds of the people from their dissatisfestions at home, and bolster the popularity of a monarch, When a foreign enuoy de vanquished, the victorious country is bound to gain in territory, indemnity and prestige. But an unsuccessful foreign war cân have an adverse affect on monarchy, Rightly or wrongly, the people blase the ruler for the defeat, za general-war weariness gata in, and the country lange for peace and a change in government. This is true of many õasus' throughout the nineteenth century, when victory brought monarchs soaring popularity, and defeat caused their downfall.
· There are several such examples. In the case
taep 1. so long as 'be was victorious in Kis,
ags that the Austriana, Pruzatang, and “
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of England. The direct results or the Continental System were the Peninsular War and the Moscow Campaign, which proved to be disastrous military defeats for Napoles. It was his defeats in these. twe...wirm that encouraged the ensleyad naționa of Europe to rise against him at Leipzig.
PUBLIC LIBX
·His depeondant, Napoleon 117, also surfered from the same fate. It was ambition which caused Napoleon III to pick a quarrel with Russia, thus resulting in the Crimean War of 1854. The CrimsBA ~ War was a victory, for Napoleon, and he rose to the beight of his power after the war. His second foreign enterprise, the Mexican Adventura, provad to be less profitabls for him. In order to plaase the Catholic Party in France, he had involved himself in a long and costly war with Mexico, from, which there was no gracious exit. Hie failure in setting up a Catholic Empire in Mexico cost him - the support of the Clerical party in France. When Prussia and Austria were engaged in the Seven Weeka, war in 1866, Napoleon missed an opportunity to step in at the right moment and enlarge French influence. He had anticipated a long struggle between the belligerants, at the end of which ne would benefit from the weakening of the two countries. But the war ended almost before it began, and too late, Napoleon sought to gain by diplomacy what he could have `gaiñed from war, His demands for 'compensation' from Prussia were refused; he fell into the trap that Bismarck had cleverly laid for him, and plunged into an ill- advised war with the vastly superior military machine of Prussia, Ha was defeated at the battis of Sedan in 1870, and was taken prisoner by the Prussians. In Paris, there was a revolution against riim; he was overthrown, and a republic was set up in France.
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in 1905. "The errect or this war was a demand for parliamentary reforms in Russia, backed by n»tion- wide strikes, The Czar was unwilling to relinquish any of his divine authority to the muskaa, and the parliament that was finally set up in 1906 was; a travesty. In 1914, Russia was drawn into the Great War with Germany, Millions of untrained and 111-equipped Russian peasants were killed at the front. There were mutinies in the á ray and "navy, strikes and assassinations which finally culminated in a revolution and the abdication of the Czar in 1917.
Probably the best example of the downfall of monarchy caused by the 'defeat in formign war was in the case of the defeat in foreign war was in the Case of the Kaiser Williamll of Germany. When he first came to the throne, he was inclined to. listen to the advice of Bismarck, But he was a headstrong young man, and he had his œm ideas of what Germany should do. He wanted a Gormis Empire, a German navy, an increased influence in world affairs, particularly in the Ballons and the Far East In all these things, he was bound, to slash with England. In vain, Bismarck tried to persuade him to a more cautious foreign policy, but ha refused, and he and the gain Chanceller soon parted company, Without the experience and the restraining hand of Bismarck, William brought about the very develomente which Bismarck had so greatly feared. He ignored the alliance with Russia p he increased the strength of his navy and enlarged his empire, thus incurred the enmity of England. It was these indiscretions that finally led to the Great War. Gerimey had to fight on both fronts) ́egat and west. The struggle insted for four long. years; at the end of which Germany was defeated_by her enemies, The Kaiser and his family'us de a.
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