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PEKU KEDERK CHCERN • 如附曆,年齡粗合,敎育改性崇浟信仰等 ̇的研究没有庠翻投求二者對某件所發生 的適要問題。從另一角度來看,不同的社
[本交各節只不過搖號了数控研八MC
,于或母與女的關係亦涉及多方面的,其
「關係,一方面都有本身棘殊的僑况,父與
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-EL J¿研究,這方面的工作,則有待今
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無關的工作。
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【學,是以一般對在本彼等奖指出
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【教育團體要求撤銷
私校商業登記
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王錦釗・
24C1 - CaOC12 - CaCl2 + H2O • C127
(6)"An experiment to show that hydrogen cloride is
a very soluble gas is the 'fountain", experiment.
Flask filled with dis hydrogen chloride
1968
Answers
KII
Exercise XIA
E PITAMA KGS, YOU WI
1. 1) has there? No, there hasn't.
2) usedn't there? Yes, there used to.
3) was he? No, he wasn't.
4) didn't she? Yes, she did.
5)
didn't it? Bub: it didn't.
2.41) So do the girls.
2) Nor was the previous onej
3)
4)
2)
But his sonidoes..
So did I.
1) I know as as not prepared for theftest;and
nor has he.
Mary can draw well and so can Maggie.
3) The Whites re-painted their house, for the hew
year and so did the Browns, s
4) Tom never eats his words and neither does Dig
Some peculiars that demand special attention: SHALL and WILL:
i
Both dendte fpture. But they may express. Some- thing more timn simple futurity. When they are used) to express simple saturity, "shall" is used with first person and A"will" kejused with second and third persons.
We ahall graduate this `June:\
They will go up to the Crese niversity of H.K. You will soon be 18 years old..
As each of them carries a meaning oflits own,they can express determination, promise etc...
"Shall", if not used to express eimple futurity, expresses obligation--something one has to do--and speaker's determination. In other words, when "shal" is used with second 5 third person, it exprespect the duty or the thing that the second or the thirdg person has to do.
You shall come to school tomorrow..
This sentence implies that you do not want to comÈ
to school but you are ordered to.f
Notice such expression::
It is decided that they shall meet at six A.M.
This sentence, also implies the speaker's determin ation: it is decided, they have no choice.
He suggested that you should see him the next, DAY I
I insisted that they should apologizeyy
You shall not steal,
The teacher said we should stay after school til
#e finished our work.
"Will", besides expressing simple futurity with second and third persons, implies willingness, pr [mise, subject's determination etc..
I know it is difficult but I will still try In spite of what he has said, we will go on with
our studies,
(Although thevithreatenedlhih. The would not give,
way.
Now study this sentence:
If he cannot come, will 160 instead?
This does not mean that "I" am asking others whether "I am willing to do instead or not it means "Can I bela substitutat" "sually, it is illogical to ask others what the speaker'e(first person's) detefmina- tion is, that is, do not use "Will T?" or "Will we?" in questions. It is helpful, however, to learn the. expression will this do?" "Will Tom dog etc.
Delia sorry, sir, my pen has run out of ink, will
shall-nen do?" "Yes it will do just as well,"
Mostpeelfars are different from ordinary verbs Because they lack some parts:f they are sometimes called 'defective verbs. Some of them are very often used. Such verbs are "can" 7(which has two parts only, namely present form and past form), "pust", "ought to", and "used to" (these have only
t'or gast.) » Of course there. one form, either present are some others, I would like to draw your attention to these for the present. Let us discuss one by one 3. CAN means "be able to, therefore we use "be sh
able to" instead of "can" when we want to use it iin perfect teases or future tensea.
Now he cannot write well, but I expectine will
be able to next year.
He has been able to practise dedicanelalace!he
got, his doctorate degree.
MUST means "have to" denoting obligation. Children must obey their elders,
When school begins again. I shallɣnave to work
hard again.
He did not stay!ry[Zong:The}said he had to
home early.
The expression "He must have done something wrong." implies a
as Position, that is, we do not..
know whether he has done something wrong, but we
suppose he did way can also be used in this.
sense and in this way,
You may have heard about this man. OUGHT TO may also be replaced by "have to", But for past tense, when we want to express an obs ligation which had to be fulfilled in the past but had not been fulfilled. we use a perfect in- finitive after ought to
He ought to have done his work yesterday." But , he did not do his work yesterday.)
If you go over conditions, you'll find that can- ditions opposite to past fact take this form.
If he had seen me, he ought to have addressed me USED TO can only be used in past tense. When we want to express a habit other than a past one, we use "usually", or "have the habit of" etc.
He has had the habit of reading in bed. Pay special attention to the following:
17(a) Hydrogen” chloride is obtained by heating sodium
Chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid,
Na Ca
Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water" with reaction, forming hydrochloric acid.
HC2 H20
hydrochloric acid'
However, hydrogen chloride is extremely soluble in water. Therefore, if it is desired to prepare hydrochloric acid, the gas has to be, passed into water using some device which prevents sucking tsek' of
seid into the generating flask.
Thistle
Cone. H.SO
'and sodiuman chloride
Heat
hydrogel chloride
Beaker
containing water, orignially Hydrochloric
aciu
An inverted runner can os used as shown
館
BRARIE
in the above figure. The mouth of the funnel. dips just below the surface of the water in the beaker, When the gas comes into contact with the water, most of it dissolves creating a partial vacuum in the fumel. The acid solution in the beaker then rushes up into the funnel and causes the fumel to come above the surface of the liquid in the beaker. Air rushes into the funnel which then falls back into the liquid.
(1) When dilute hydrochlorie seld is
poured into a beaker containing some marble chips," effervescence occurs as a gas, carbon dioride, 18 solved. The substance remaining in the beaker will be a solution of chloride.
CaCO2+ 2HC1 - CaCl2 + CO2↑
plajum
(11) When concentrated hydrochloris e cid is
added to lead chloride contained in a test- tube, effervescence occurs, and a greenish- yellow gas, chlorine is evolved. A white insoluble residue, lead chloride, remains in the test-tube.
LHC1+
PbQ2 = PbCl2 • 2420
(111) when dilute hydrochloric acid is heated
with a small quantity of black cupric oxide in a test-tube, the black cupric oxide dissolves, as the two substances neutralize each other, forming a blue solution of cupric chloride.
2H014 Gia
+
(1v) When dilute hydrochloric acid in added
bleaching powder in a test-tube, effervescence occurs, and a greenish- yellow gas, chlorine, is evolved. A solution of calcium chloride remains the end of the reaction,
He was used to (=was accustomed to) coming
to school.
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives and
ather adverbs. (passive voice)
Exercise XII
1
Use the correct "form off"shall"fori"will"Fin
the following sentences!
we meet at the school gate?
2) If it is possible, they
子
I promise him that I After June, we
go abroad..
do my best.
have a long vacation.
Mary's parents have arranged for her that she
5) Mary's
first studyrousic and then domestic
5) He proposed that theyy
science.
next Sunday.
The commander-in-chief has give
the soldiers,
Tfiahing on the
the order that). gever retreat whatever they
HCI solution
(litmus turasTred)
„"water coloured with
blue litmus)
The apparatus is set up as shown in the above)
diagram..
To start the experiment, a little water 16
transferred to the upper flask which is filled with dry hydrogen chloride by blowing into the side-tube fitted in the lower flask, This will immediately dissolve a lot of hydrogen chloride, and so reduce the pressure in the upper flask. More water is forced up the tube by the pressure of the atmosphere and emerges from the jet as a fountain, changing in colour from blua to red as it does so,
Soluble chlorides can be made by any of the general methods of making salts. e.g. Sodium chloride, NaCl, may be prepared by neutralising caustic soda solution with dilute. hydrochloric acid.
NaOH + HC1 NaCl + H2O
Sodium chloride crystals are then obtained by evaporating the solution obtained. Sparingly soluble chlorides can be prepared by precipitation reactions. e.g. Silver chloride, AgC1, is formed as a white precipitate when silver nitrate solution is added to a solution of a soluble chloride such as sodium chloride.
• NaCl - AgG1V +
ARNO3 *
NaNO3
The silver chloride is filtered off, washed with distilled water, and dried.
(a) If a nstal forms two chlorides, e.g. ferrous
and ferrio chlorides, the chloride in which the metal is in the higher valency state is made by synthesis from its elements.
N
Thus ferric chloride, FeCly, is made by passing dry chlorine over heated iron wire. The product de collected as a sublimate is a dry receiver.
Fa.. 3012
2F6C13
Questions for next week (13)
1. You are given nyarochloric acid, potassium
hydroxide sticks, manganese dioxide, methyl orange solution, water, a source of heat, and any apparatus you require, but no other chemicals, State briefly how you would prepare: (a) gas-jarm of chlorine; (b) pure dry crystals of potassium chloride; (c) a solution containing potassium chlorate; (d) gas-jars of oxveen.
2, Vesoribe one method for the industrial preparation of chlorine. Describe the reactions of chlorine with (a) potassium iodide solution, (b) ammonia, (c) litmus solution, (d) water. (e) hydrozen. (1) sulphur,
may face.
The boy is sick,
place?
girl do io hie
We know you need them, but as sney are not
we do instead? available,
10) If there is no fruit, vegetable
also
27 Change the following direct speech Icto indirect
speech:
1) "We must 'finish our work now."
2) "He used to collect stamps, but now he has taken
to movie-going."
"I ought to help her but I refus
*) "Could you do it last year?"
to do so.".
51"He could lift up two hundred pounds bare-handed
two years ago."