25 NOV 1967
青教僑華
頁 第張四第
1968
英文中學會
學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務科 (四)·劉奇敏。
Tate dublic Affa
Lecture No. 4
KM. La
Introduction
The Law Law
In any civilized society there must exist some form of rules that regulate human conduct and at the same. time preserve and promote social justice. In a sense, these rules make a distinction between right and wrong. end they prescribe certain methods of punishment which! a culprit must be given when he commits a wrong.
Hethods of punishment, may vary a ccording to the seriousness of the crime. In most instances, a fine may be imposed; but when the crime is more serious, imprisonment, and here again the period imposed may vary, is the punishment. The most severe method of punishment is, of course, capital punishment - that is, when the culprit is guilty of a very serious offence such as murder, he is hanged.
Bules, without effective enforcement, ere not [only useless, but are a mockery to our concept of
democracy. It is up to the machinery of the State to decide whether they have, in fact, been enforced. Down the ages, these rules have come to be known by man as the law, by which man has also come to accept it in the legal sense, and as an integral part of his pattern of life,
As society has gradually become more and more omplex, man discovers that it benefits and profits him in the long run if he knows and respects the law,
Breaking the lew could mean one is liable to Imprisonment. Ignorance of any part of the law is only la plausible pretext for if this is not se, ignorance is
bound to be the most common and convenient defence for the wrong-doer.
Is it, you may ask, justifiable to send a person to prison? Should we not give him a second chance? Give him a chance to turn over a new leaf? There are times * however intense is our forgiving nature, when we should stand firm and hold fast to our rules, for did we not agree that rules without effective enforcement might well be done away with?
Three.
{to prison?
ons may be found for sending a culprit}
(1) to discourage others from committing the same
crime
(2) to provide the culprit solitude 20 as
enable him to reflect on his wrong-doing
...... in so doing he may turn over a new leat (3) to remove him from society so that every
citizen can live in maximm safety.
Classification of land
Lay is classified into two main kinds:→
U osmon Law and Statute Law
The first is derived from the customs and traditional thoughts of the people in the may date back to hundreds of years ago. Deci Judges*
also provide an important basis for common law, It is only when common law is inadequate
bes 'not conform with present trends and practices that the
suorame law-nking body in the country
Home
Kong this body is known as the Legislative Council, In short, Legeo) passes ordinances (or Acts as in England) either to supplement common law or to replåge the common law. These ordinances prm another important branch of law known as ata
times come into conflict with statute Law such a possibility, but when that happens
is held more super for
Will statute law become out of da ta i [when-it÷dons, amendments
can be introduced.
The
law at
there tute law/
Why not? But
spoaling
of the legal profession are either. [solicitors or barristers. Their work ke not
moniare" they trained: thesana May 3
Mark
(2)
ölícitor
WAH KIU YA PO
pillar of the English system of Justice a doctrine which is sacred to those who uphold British
Under the rule of law:-
(1) the government in the country cannot exercise)
dictatorial authority over the citizens; deportation of a person without a proper
trial is therefore against the rule of law. (2) the law must treat everyone in the same way
without distinction to colour, race, religion or social status. Methods of punishment imposed by the court cannot theref e vary from person to person but from crime to crime.] (2) The individual rights of each citizen must be
safeguarded and promoted. A person must be left). free to pursue happiness, to own property, to be educated, and to speak, and worship freely. [L) The law courts cannot punish a person or have him brought before then unless the person has violated the laws of the country.
(5) The law has the last say as to how disputes
are to be solved.
In the next lecture, I shall discuss how a law is made and a brief discussion of the law courts of the Colony.
Answers to the cuestions in exercise 111
question: (1) Distinguish between Civil law and Criminal!
Law.
Answer.
-
Our fundamental human rights may be classified into (private and public rights.
Private rights deal with human conduct between t private individuals, whereas public rights concern a violation of the rights of the people as a whole, where a harm or a threat is a danger to the safety and well being of a citizen, or WED 3 daude or a threat is a danger to the country itself,
The branch of law that deals with private rights} is known as the Civil law which, thus, concerns an action brought by one individual citizen against another Civil Law defines the one who starts a lawsuit' as the plaintiff and the other person the defendant. Civil law normally prescribes punishment in the form of damage, that is, a sum ordered by the court.10 pay to the losing party as compensation vil ection may not be necessarily started for the purpose of obtaining a compensation, it may be to ask the court to order the defendant either to do something; or not to do something. Both the plaintiff and the defendant have the right to appeal to the full co of the Supreme Court, when either loses his c lain Criminal Law is that branch of the law which deals with public rights. When an offence 19 committed]
everyone, and society considers it as an injury to
the offender is brought before the court under the Criminal Law, which defines an action that herma Bociety as a crime such as murder.
The Criminal law, exists to maintain public safety, and to deter anyons from committing a harm
Committed agains which although may
reon, la considered
Punishment pressil.
aaally in the form Of
soth or in an extre
only one
Law 18
Im Avail sentence of as a death sentence.
The Criminal Law treats a wrong-dour as an sccused (and when his crime is proved being any doubt, a prisoner), and defines the other party (a member of: the Legal Department or the Folice Force) as the prosecutor. Either party may of course appeal to the Full Court of the Supreme Court,
日六廿月一十年七六九一麿公年六十五國民肇中
1968
題習書酒
生物科
(四)
蜜美雲 •
更正練習二解答:匯、變形克,冰糖等牛物屬閃排版時位置時,請讀者的鍊習
二的出题式序自行更改,各題之答案次審正職 •
練習三解答
• EN (--)
A.答集一例明動物和植的物的識別主
名:例如原生動物——草段虫(PARAMECIUM)和平間細胞與細胞-
PIROGYRA) ENTE
冰糖(s
# # #
水
*
*
ANTINOSE BAVERE O
辦,外聘的狀略有變化。
ADARARAPHER
狀的藝化粉少口
能自製發料,利用體內等菜,只 梵響!不能關料,應從外界填接取有搭置取外界的礦物水,一只
戒,無機碼等,在阳光便可成骥料
因氣時殊的運動戀官,都不能作自 EMT•
海裳|用裁毛控水帶,就體作自主 的電難,故其位置不固定一燃。
NEMENT, WHERE TO RENT BAN
口
我為您設備改變生的方向, 滴獎「活如於制敔反療,作移與的運獻的 成作品部運動稱爲向性,水赖受光
的制噸,故有向光性•
YESAPLAUTASE › HARR
734ST | IN •
液胞!液响很小。
液胞或大,曾貯存發料調整細胞 |内外的装透腰力。
B.何謂有絲分裂(MITOSIS)和無分裂(AMITOSIS)?两者有何不同點?
答:有進分裂為間接分裂。细胞分裂時,內有新狀追如里務•新香汗出現,故稱。其分裂造
操可分就期,中期,说明、末期四期,例如物細胞的有絲分裂,各其的藥劑
前期。
八期
互相分離,四周星絲 前二,核狀消失,英 四期,每個染色豆
3後期:染色體分園段
宋明,染色體湯藥酒
心
後期
謝麼,或租大而琴的菜色卷•中心粒
在染色體,中心粒犍相對两灌品
音板上 中心粒移動,
解,生成新的細胞膜,每組染色質
無絲裂又府爲直接分裂,細胞分裂時,沒有壆絲熱逐耗的出現
LIBRARIES:
The Criminal Law may be likened to our school rules, which are laid down in black and white for
veryone to know so that if anyone breaks any of the
he is liable to the punishment as specified
The existence of the Criminal Law and the Civil Law ensures that the fundamental rights of a human
ng always respected and protected.
Questiona (2) Explain 5
(Answer
with..
same.
dvice to his fellanta, and represents)
istrates! Courte,
instructs barristers on behalf of in the District Courte, the Suprema
Court and the, Full Court. * (3), He prepares deeds, transfers offsroperties and
other Legal documents.
To become a solicitor, *ine must be articled to a practising solicitor for a riod of up to 5 years and must pass the Qualifying Examination. His work 18 supervised by the Law Society.
Thork of a barrister
1) He represents the solicitors clients
instructions from the solicitors.
(2) He pleads his client's case in the higher court.
ile examines and cross-examines witnesses in the court,
He drafts "pleadinga"-which precede civil lawsuitsn
To qualify as a barrister, one must be a member of ons of the four "Inns of Court (Viza ŭray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn Inner Temple and kiddle Temple and he must attend at Inn for 12 terms (3 years) and as the Qur Examination. After a few yeare of successful practic® he may apply to be appointed as a quee la Counsel.
An important doctrine of the English LEW
We are said to be governed by the rules niah is considered by most jurista as a fu
ples of British Justice \which are adopted in Hon ng
The Judiciary Council is independent of Government intervention, Members of this council, the magistrates and the judges,
Bet on their ow
own discretion and conscience, without yielding to pressure of any kind from anyone. This principle le vitally important in: upholding the sacred concept that British Justice, must, be fair to all and treat everyone with equality; without prejudice or grudge.
The second principle states that the accused is to be treated merely as an accused and not as a prisoner until and after he has been convicted by the court. . His crim must be proven beyond any reasonable
doubt exists in respect of the doubt, and if any d circumstances surrounding the crime, he is to be acquitted. This principle discourages people who may go about acousing anyone he likes!“
The third principle under British Justice which prevails in Hong Kong is that every citizen 18: entitled to the right of personal freedom. This is in keeping with the application of the rule of law. A man should be left free to do what he thinks is right and only when he interferes with the freedom of the next persun should he be brought before, the court to be trien for violating either the Criminal law or the Civil Law,en
WEN
2分裂開始時,細胞核和核仁佣两端運畏,慕胞機長形。如號& 3細胞核的中央向內收箱*湖分為二,新胞 至於有絲分裂和無絲分裂的不同如下
分裂成熟和強部的細胞都用此分裂方法
·原因,使細胞層多..
A 分
分類
分裂時,因家一染色體留作然分裂
功用第二,且分為两租,而分期在于刻 分裂時,不一定將染色
胞中,故離他生物的遗体因于得以,故不能將遺傳因子进体
分
理
TARREPRISER »
染色鑒:
數
「分裂接染色體數目相等。
(二)解渾名詞
ACPIASTIDS)
分裂鎮染色輕版
是指租胞内一些色素後,不存在於種物細胞的無胞資中,色灣設遞膚漎籤
白色等三種
B. (METAPIASM)
C.
紐胞質內常含有無生命成不活動的物質和新球代理的軍物和號粉救、抽畾號、
、卻指及分泌物等,稱爲後成體,或開後含益。
TROPISM
点物推因受了外界剌歌曲子美力有
性、耐水
D. TAXIS)-
生物體或细胞受了外界的漸濃,作動性的電動,無需連性,例如無 向瘦有食物能方向移动**
B.
(BUDDING)
生物體能把身體的一部份機成芽體,後來李銀潮漸長大而成一新個齄 熱水熱,酵母菌的出生殖
A. AUKEREN. O
日、水畑的外胚胺具有:
冠,植物的主演袒接可分六權:
Under British Justice, if a person arreste another. with ut any justification, or keeps him in unlawful custody, he le guilty of false imprisonment, This is another sacred principle of British Justice, adopted in Hong Kong.
The fifth principle states that, under. British': Justice, the Habeas Corpus writ must exist, This wri is used to securs a speedy trial for the accused or order his immediate release from official custody when it 18 apparent, that he has no casa to answer.
Exercise IV
1. Exple in how a bank remite Illustrate your answer
an imaginany -nxample
Explain why a ovuntry devalues ite-currency in thaj Light of current affairs.
動物的顧識可分五權1)
種于植物的器囊分六號,0~
溝通常含有的色素有沿權。
(二)問當。
A.然迦種子櫨物的主要柤織的分類,分佈位,細胞特識和功能 B. PERAKE SUMER -
C. KDK (HYDRA) FAVARA •