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14068 英文中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務科(二)
劉奇敏・
Economic & Public Affairs
Lecture No. 2
X.M. Lau, J.
Be Prepared!
The paper in the School Certificate Examination set by the Hong Kong English School Certificate Syndicate I is divided into two sections Section A and Section B,
both to be done within two hours and thirty minutes.
Section A
This section carries a series of questions (which are compulsory) requiring short answers to be written (in the Answer Book supplied during the Examination) in the order of the questions given.
After writing down each answer, you should skip a line before writing the next. It is not necessary (in fact, it is against the instructions of the Syndicate) to sopy out the questions. It is also important that you gumber every answer orderly; if you cannot answer a particular nuestion, leave the space for the answer blank, skip the usual line and write down the next number and against this number, the answer.
Neatness and legible handwriting must 8130 de maintained. Scribbling is strictly prohibited, Forty marks are awarded for this section.
Questions to test the candidate's overall knowledge, of the entire syllabus are set. In this respect. it is vitally significant that no candidate is to rely on "passing by spotting questions". A candidate is expected to know definitions of economic terms well, such as "capital", "income", "insurance", "division of labour, "elastic demand", and "standing orders of the Legislativo, Council". He must also possess a sound knowledge of the functions and work of economic institutions, such as the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, the Hong Kong Export, Credit Insurance Corporation, and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.N
a candidate's knowledge of public affairs will also】 be tested. For this very reason in Lecture No. I you were asked to keep a scrap-book for newspaper-cuttings. questions set may be along these examples:
1. (a) hrat was the purpose of holding a "hong Kong]
\ Week! in 19677 --
(b) Who organized this event?
*(a) Explain three basic functions of the Hong
Kong Police Force.
(b) How were the members of the Rank and File or the Police rewarded for their service to the community during the 1967 disturbances? foxla) What is the difference between a "bill" and aŋ
“ordinance"?⠀
(b) A new bill was read in October, 1967 in
respect of young persons charged with oriminal offences. What was the purpose of this bill? -number of "admmon-sense" type question included fri Section 4. The are to find
can exercise his insgiration or his ability. For instance in the 1967 E.P.A. paper these questions were sukad: (
1376) A 24-hour supply of water was maintaine
the Colony throughout 1966, Give reasons, [33 (0) The death rate from tuberculosis in childrens
under five has fallen considerably in the last ten years. Give reaUANS,/
Section Bi
ree questions are to be attempted in this section each carrying twenty marks, thus giving a total of sixty
Answers are to be written in essay form, which means that the points you express must be written in complete sentences. A wide choice of questions in allowed in Section B. In the 1967 m.P.A. papar there were ten questions in all in this sections
* Each answer, mist be written in detail. The pointa ) given must be well expressed, explained, elaborated and illustrated. Generally, the examiner awards two merka for one principal point, one mark for each subsidiary or relevant point. Good presentation may get a few marka mora, Grammatical errors and poor paragraphing are penalized, though not as heavily as in the English Language" papers. Care must be taken to ensure that each) answer is not written "off the point".
Now study the answers to the questions in Exercise.
Question: (1) Explain the present commercial status of
Hong Kong and the factors influencing this] : change of status,
Answer:
Hong Kong started as an entrepot, Business I Lourisneg with the import of goods from overseas and the subsequent re-export of these goods to various countries chiefly to China, Japan, Malaysia and other regions in Southeast Asia and the Far East,
Today, Hong Kong Stanus ea quuvilegov za miniature manufacturing centre, thus surrendering her former commercial status as an entrepot, appropriately titieus "Europe'a show-window and Asia's marketing agent",
This means that the economy of Hong Kong is now largely dependent on her ability to produce what the world needs, and to produce at competitive prices.
Local bankers and financiers have turned to financing orders of raw materials from abroad, instead of manufactured commodities as they previously did..
Hong Kong now has to rely on a number of factors to enable her goods to reach every corner of the globe. Advertising campaigns must be launched; trade missions have to go abroad to propagate the true image of Hong Kong as a reliable supplier of some of the world's needs, and not, as most foreigners have been led to believe, a country where "sweated labour" exists; and Hong Kong's active participation in world trade fairs is now more of a necessity than of a destrability,
The word "productivity" has now become more meaningful to us. As an entrepot, Hong Kong merely sold What she bought. As a manufacturing centre, she has to keep the production costs down, and yet maintaining the quality, Labour must be efficiently trained; adroit entrepreneurs must be employed, and new production techniques must b Introduïand
B
12 NOV 1967
CITY HALL
B 期期
Several factors, which were inter-related, were
attributable to Hong Kong's change of commercial status but the most decisive factor was the adoption of the embargo resolution passed by the General Assembly of
the United Nations in 1951 in view of the Korean War,, with the result that member nations of the United Nations were prohibited from trading with China.
As China had been our principal customer in our entrepot trade, the stoppage of the flow of re-exported!
items from Hong Kong to China meant the end of our entrepot, day9.
vut of sheer necessity business men in Hong Kong had) to find an alternative form of livelihood for the people of Hong Kong.
The population had by than grown to over 2,360,000,} Had Hong Kong remained as an entrepot, we would be probably asking now whether the rapidly increasing population (or 100,000 per annum) could have been absorbed by the entrepot business. Jobs must be found for the people. As a manufacturing centre Hong Kong can offer wider prospects and opportunities for people to acquire jobs in dommerce and industry. As an entrepot Hong Kong, could only provide jobs in commerce.
Although: Hong Kong lacks raw materials, one is not found in want of adaptable labour, experienced entrepren-j eurs, training facilities, and industrial know-hows,
Investments from overseas have been pouring into Hong Kong since 1950, which provide the initial capital to) get Hong Kong off her feet as a manufacturing area,
The principal factors that have been responsible for] Hong Kong's success in her manufacturing industry are: the ability of local industrialists to produce what the world needs; the abundant supply of cheap but skilled labour which is adaptable to any form of industrial production; the laissez-faire policy of Government; the efficient port and harbour of Hong Kong; and a satisfactory system of taxation. The sound banking and Insurance systems also help Hong Kong as an industrial dintre.
The Luess of nong Kong's present commerciai status is revealed by statistics which show that forty per cent of our exported goods in 1959 were goods made locally in 1964 it was found that seventy-six per cent of our exports were hong kong made goods.
ur early manufacturers are smart enough to realiz0 that after the second world war there was an acute;
ahortage of textiles in the world, unnebatantly they logically embarked on the production of Lextiles whics have become Hong Kong's greatest money-earner. Over forty per cent of our present labour force are absorbed bon
he textile industry,
Textiles are, however, not the only commodity
we manufacture and export. Local industrialista na known that "putting all the eggs in one basket" is net sound business advices
Industrial diversification has been practi500 since 1959 when it became apparent that our textile exports were beginning to encounter overseas restrictions,
Today our manufacturing industry specializes i other items as well such as plastic toys and flowers, electronic parts, rubber-soled shoes, transistor radios, electrical appliances, and furniture. It is hoped that in the near future chemicals and oil which can be refined here may find their way into our exports of
Banana theantar problem is fully solved;
Questions (2) what causes have led to the present problem
delinquency in hong Kong? How
10 the authorities attempt to tackle_this)
problem?
bout firy per cent of our population are under Fifteen, and it is not surprising that one out of six
iminals in Hong Kong is a juvenile.
) Juvenile delinquency is a social problem, or mora correctly, a social evil in our midst,
Crimes committed by young people are invariably
outside their homes. Pick-pocketing, patty and operating gambling stalls to lure victims chief activities. If young people can be mai
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地理科(二)
地人社。
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(四十六):
DARIES
ko remain at home when they are not at school the changes
of their involvement in oriminal offences are fewer.
Homes In Hong kong are generally overcrowded
espacially among Tamiles where the fathers can prly earn meagre wagas, Children from these families are thus: compelled to become street urchins,
Parents, on the other hand may fail to exercise. Bonstant supervision and control over their children. They allow the children to do what they please. No proper form of home education is imparted to the children, In some tragic cases, the children are without parents, and they live with their relatives or
even
strangers,
The existence of triad societies is also a cause or juvenile delinquency in Hong Kong. Ulder gangsters need "new" blood to help them in their activities, Children * may be forced, if persuasion fails, to work for the trian Societies. They become members, and they are trained and taught to commit, at first petty, and gradually, more sarious offences.
Movies and literature tras are inuecent may give wrong ideas to young people. Older mature people can always distinguish between good and bad, but not young people whose minds are still growing...
The slightest suggestion may lead them to do what normal healthy sensible. person will avoid.
Immoral places where young people fall victims to: other social evils are another cause of the problem of, "Juvenile delinquency.
Inadequate, or complete absence of, recreational facilities for our young people may be attributable to the present problem. The old saying "Satan finds work for idle hands may be true here. Young people need a School to study, a place to play and to make friends, and a decent home to grow up. Home and school education go hand in hand; the disappearance of either one or both is also responsible for the problem or juvenile delinquency,
The police authorities nave recently established the Juvenile Liaison Section which is to function side by side with the Probation Section of the social Welfara Department.
Officers of this new section have spent most, or their working time in investigating crimes committed by juveniles and they visit suspected haunts where young y people may be led to commit crimes, Criminals below 21 are referred to this section for further action as to what form of procedure is effective in rehabilitating them.
The Juvenile Liaison Section also senda detectiv, out to keep watch over certain places where young a people fracuent such as ballrooms and restaurants.
The Education Department is working towards the,
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Talvision of free nuúcauzon for young people in the primary schools, and it is expected that by 1971 our educational scene will be more auspicious.
The haifong Association through, its Hong Kong and Kowloon Joint Youth section and Research Council is running courses, competitions and excursions for young people. Free movie shows are given from time to time at the Lordon Theatre,
Hong Kong Jaycees tuomioi urte hong kong gulo Chamber) offer free scholarships to needy children, organize essay-contests and provide opportunities for young people to run their own business while they are still at school, through the Junior Achievement Project.
The social welfare Department and the Education! Department are planning to run camps and youth activities for school children during their next long Summer vacation, so as to keep young people from possible mischief. The Army too, is active in this lin of work.
The Police are not sparing any effort in an attempt to halt triad activities. Detectives from C.1.D. are enecking suspected places regularly, Lightning raids are often carried out. Gangsterism in Hong Kong is thus not as serious as in any other similar cosmopolitan cities.
The battle against juvenile delinquency is gradually proving to be well fought by the authorities.)
[exercise
1, what are the main items or Government expenditure?
Explain now this expenditure is met.
Mr. Ng is a Sales Manager, earning a monthly say of $1,800, He also works as a private tutor" earning $60.00 a week. He is married with three children, How much salaries tax must he pay per annum? If ne has 12 Tax Héserve Certificates, each worth $100,00 how to these Certificates affect his ultimate payment?