頁二張四第
日四十月三年未丁壓窟
WAH KIU YAT PO
英文中學會考試題預習專欄
地理科 (廿五)
陳麗莉
林少R
日期理
可供升中試及格生升讀之中學
本年一九五間
區,沙事院,瑪諾神父英文中學, 一高),與馬會官立工係中學,九體工業中,惟實用中雄,瑪利龉酸碗中學、 文中車),何明華會督銀禧中學(中文中中學,李求憑把念中學,滿智中學,聖塔一,新法世院(英文中軒),新法畫院中安
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類、管理、一年級分行
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* 第三......座校・但以三爲,爲
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昨生
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日三廿月四年七六九一公年六十五国民中
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只收女生。 生),德望英文中學 只收女生);聖母
香港區:佛教世報翎中學,庇理
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塡將準,將定榮 同生 請列 與 參寄民校
九八七六五到
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日「私立中學七十五冊,以下爲各中學之一務實中國。
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上大 五段三二一段
政府,花湖南津
私立英文中學,
私立中文中學
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女袤
津津
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GEOGRAPHY)
53. For each of the following: coal iron," g010,y
(a) describe how it occurs;
(b) describe one method by which it is mined
(c) state three_countries_which produce_it
Ane.COAL
Coal is a mineral composed of vegetable matter. representing the compressed remains of former swamp forests. Coal occurs in seams interbanded with clays, sandstones and other rocks; this shows that the layers) of vegetation must periodically have become choked and buried by sediment as the area subsided. In some cases the process of growth and burial was repeated i over and over again, and each stage may well have lasted a million years or more. Swamp forests were particularly widespread in the Upper Carboniferous period of geological history, and coal is therefore; usually associated with rocks of this age.
Shaft mining is one method of coal-mining. It is) used when the coal seams occur at a considerable depth. Access to the seams is gained by sinking shafts.) Before the work of mining can begin, provision must be made for ventilation, lighting and haulage below ground, and pumping equipment must be installed to keep the mine drained of water, quite apart from the setting up of pithead gear, the building of offices and the laying down of railway sidings. As the coal close to the main shafts is removed, galleries" extend farther and farther outwards until the minero, may have a considerable distance to travel before reaching the coal face.
The U.S.A., the U.S.S.R, and the United Kingdom are the three important coal producing countries
IRON
Iron occurs as an ore, us oxice, carbonate, sulphide or silicate of iron, combined with various impurities. The chief ores are haematite, limonite, magnetite and siderite, Iron occurs in most rocks, As igneous ores in or near molten rock, as residual ores left after the denudation of other materials and as sedimentary ores transporteo and deposited by water.
Open-cast mining is one method of iron mining. ore is This way of mining iron is possible when the close to the surface. Sometimes mechanical excavator. or shovels are needed to expose the underlying ore
When this has body by removing the 'overburden'. been done, the ore is then loaded by giant shovele into trucks or railroad cars to be transported from the mines,
The U.S.S.R., the U.S.A. and France are the three" important iron producing countries.!!
GOLD
It usually occurs in the earth's crust as 'native) gold' It is also obtained as a by-pronuct from the ores of certain bass metals, such as copper, leading ¿inc.
It may be found in veins of quartz close to granite or obtained from placers, formed by the deposition in river gravels of particles eroded from neighbouring veins or reefs..
CYCLONE : ( TROPICAL).
Anticyclone: It is a region in which the atmospheric pressure is high compared with adjacent areas. Generally there is a series of concentric closed' isobars. The winds blow outwards from the High Pressure centre in a clockwise movement in the Northern Hemis phere and anti-clock wise in the Southern Hemisphere. Near the centre the winds are light and variable and it increases its strength towards the edge.
Area
Pressure
Clockwise circulation!
of wind round High Pressure in N.Hemisphere
(b) Typhoont
JONGK
Panning ie one method of mining gold, It is [carried on by the prospector with his pick, shovei, pan and burro. Scooping à quantity or gold-bearing gravel and water in his pan, the miner shakes it allowing the gravel and sand to fall out over the wedge. The gold, it any is present being heavier than the gravel, sinks to the bottom of the pan, where it can be easily picked out when only a small amount of gravel and sand is left.a
The Republic of South Africa, the U.S.3.R. and Canada are the three important. gold, producing countries.
(a)Explain, with the aid of alagrams, what is meant, by
a cyclone and an anticyclone.
(b) Describe briefly the origin of typhoon and the
general conditions when the typhoon approaches and reaches Hong Kong.
a)Cyclone: It is a region of lowatmospheric pressure.
of which there are two types.
(a) Depression in the temperate latitudes, (b) Tropical crclone in the tropics.
v Thein winds in the northern hemisphere circulate jin an anti-clockwise direction, and in the southern d
hemisphere in a clockwise direction. These anti- clockwise winds blow towards the centre of the cycloney The movement of winds is difficult to predict but has! very general pattern. Thus the winter depressions over the Atlantic have a westerly direction and the: depressions over China follow the Yangtze Valley. The: speed-of the wind will depend on the strength of the. cyclone. h The pattem of the isobars is quite regular. A cyclone is associated with bad weather. The barometer falls until the centre passes over, then 157. rises, Rain brought by cumulus and nimbus “ clouds coincides with the arrival of the depression).
Tt is a relativel
・Airea of High
Pre biwee
"Anti-clockwise circulation:
of wind round High Pressure
in S. Hemisphere
very intense Depression which originates in tropical regions.
Winds of great strength circulate round the centre or leye' of the storm, their directions as in the normal depression, following Ballot's Law: in the
hemisphere they circulate in an anti- clockwise
northern bathe level is about 20 miles indiameter;
here the atmospheric pressure is excessively low, anar
the air is calm and the sky is clear. The whole
he sky to clear.
BX
#B
eyclone is about 100 to 200 miles in diameter. The @norm is accompanied with dense black clouds, torrential rain, and often thunder and lightning. winds become less violent with increasing distance from the centre. The Typhoons follow tracks, movies. at an average speed of 10 to 15 miles per hour, travelling first westwards, then polewards and finally turning eastwards. They originate near the western sides of the oceans, where warm tropical/ currents supply an abundance of water vapour, especially in the tropical islands where differential) heating over land and sea causes a small area of low atmospheric pressure to develop. It is experienced, mpet frequently during the late summer and early autumn. The Philippine Islands lie in the direct track? of many of the typhoons and the coastal areas of southern China are affected. As the typhoon approaches, the Colony, the wind will back from E. to N.E. and keep on backing further North and increasing in intensity. The fine weather that has perceded the typhoon gives way to: cloudy'aktes and, heavy rain. When the typhoon is directly overhead, the wind will) change to the N1 to NW. and will increasing in great force. There will then follow a short period of calm as the "eye" of the typhoon passes over. When; the "eye" reaches inland, the wind will blow from 5. to 5.W.direction at full force. Finally the ( storms will weaken as they cross_thelcoastal. Iineland nove inland
Area of
Area of High Pre
Anti-clockwise
circulation of wind)
www.round lows Pressures in N.Hemispher
Clockwise circulation,
of wind round R Low Pressures in South.
"Hemisphere
direction
Is to sw direction:
Questions next weak (27)
55.Write a short account of each of the following:)
(a) Thest. Lawrence Seaway. (b)^The Pacific Sea Routes..
(a) The Canadian Pacific" kailway]
What are the distinctive features of the Mediterranee Climate? In which parts of the earth is this climate found?: How are natural vegetat Lone adapted to the climate condit Aons: