第二第張四第
日九十月二十年午丙靨夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
韓
健
有限英文中學會考試題預習專欄
地理科
(十三)
陳麗莉
●林少善®
GEOGRAPHY (13) LILY CHAN &
LAM SHIU WAH
29. "Rainfall is unevenly distributed in India." braw maps
to illustrate this statement. Account for it briefly.
Ang.
RAINFALL (NOV -APRIL
MENSION
ANNUAL
RAINFALL
RAINEALL(MAY-OCT)
s.w MONSOON
Over Pa
1 20"-40"
10-20° under 10'
It gets India has a tropical monsoon climate. most of its rain in summer when the South West Monsoon is blowing, and the winters are dry. As a result,
throughout the year
cainfall is unevenly distristribution maps,
Ae shown on the seasonal very few places receive more than 10 inches of rain from November to April, while from May to October most places receive over 40 inches of rain.
In January, though India is cut off from the cold outgoing winds of central Asia by the great Himalayan mountains to the north, a high pressure centre is formed over the Punjab. The winds blow down the Ganges plain as north-west winds and then become north-east winds. As they are blowing outwards, they are dry except where they blow over the Bay of Bengal and bring mis to south-east India.
By mid-June, the Punjab becomes very hot, the, ̇low pressure being much lower than the equatorial
pressure. The rise to the
gives
South
West
Monsoon n
期一
'whien blows onshore and is reinforced by South East
Trades which are drawn across the equator and are bent to the right as they do so. These south west winds blow with great force to the Punjab low The rainy season thus begins with the bursting of the South West Monsoon. Everywhere there is heavy rainfall. Only the Punjab region receives less than 10 inches of rain.
Throughout India, the rainfall distribution is uneven. As shown on the annual rainfall map, there are places receiving well over 80 inches of rain and there are places receiving less than 40 inches Since most of the rain ls brought by the South West Monsoon, the wettest places are the slopes facing the South West Monsoon and driest places are the rain shadow
arreag
Places receiving heaviest rainfall are the western slopes of the Western Ghats and the Burma frontier mountaing. The annual rainfall is over 100 inches. They stand almost at right angles to the path of the tropical maritime air coming directly west across the Arabian Sea or southwest up the Bay of Bengal during th South West Monsoon period. But the most intense preci- pitation does not occur at the seacoast or at the foot of the mountains out at higher elevations. Cherrapunji, situated at 4, 300 feet elevation in the Khasi Hills i Assam, has a mean annual rainfall over 400 inches, because it is perfectly situated for the full orogra phic effect. It is one of the wettest places in the world.
On the leeward, east-facing slopes of mountains and interior plateaus and valley of peninsular India,, precipitation is only about 20 inches. The maritime air blowing over the Deccan is no longer saturated because of the release of moisture on the windward
slopes of the Western Ghats and because it is now a descending warm air. Another dry area is the Punjab. Winds coming from the west are dry because they come from the dry plateau of Iran. Winds coming up the Gan- ges are also dry because they have lost most of their moisture by the time they reach the Punjab. In kajas- than and Sind, rainfall is very little because there i the absence of high relief to force the moisture-laden south west winds upwards.
10. Give an account of the work of the river noting the three ages of a fully developed river Quate one example from Asia and describe its festures.
A stream develops in any hollow provided it is fed voMia brook or supplied by surface drainage water. The ificatchment area is the feeding ground. for the riverandom
is bounded by the watershed As the drainage concen drates and collects tributary feeders, the stream grows to assume greater significance and becomes a river
. Their work is three fold. Firetly, they wear away the land; secondly, they carry away the eroded materials and thirdly they re-deposit the eroded material, The size of a river depends on the
*** the catchment
area. the
annual rainfall an
of the rocks
日九廿月一年七六九一股公年六十五國民華中
Transportation
備
The work of the river depends on the volume and the rate of flow. The material transported by a river may be held in solution, carried in suspension or rolled along the river bed. The transporting power of a river depends upon its rate of flow. The moving force increases
velocity increases. This accounts for the power of destruction in times of flood by big boulders. Erosion
as
The river derives its energy from the force of gravity Ave., the gradient of the river bed. It has a capacity for grinding stones and the ability to roll stones along the river bed. It cuts downwards, backwards and sideways. The downward cutting is evident in gorges or torrential tracks. Here the slope is steep and the dashing waters acted by rocks and other solid matter eroded the back rapidly and form a gorge or valley with steep sides. This process is most evident in the formation of potholes. They are formed by the whirling action of water, keeping small stones in circular motion within the space to make deep holes.
The slope becomes moderate, but the erosion of the ned still continues. This leads to wide valley. Terraces of river gravel are found at various height. These can be seen. in the valley track,
When the speed of the river slackens, part of the silt is dropped particularly in times of floods. Erosion is much less and is mainly restricted to cutting into concave banks where the river is forced to wind because of obstruction. Fine sediment may still be carried in suspension. A plain track is then formed.
Deposition
Along the plain track, the valley widens and still further and flattens, Here its work is mainly contructive because this is the section where the material is depo- sited. The mouth of the river can terminate in a delta or an estuary. In the low course of a river any check on their velocity lessens their power for doing work sa they deposit their sediment over their flood plain. The banks are low, so that the meandering river tends to flood when it is in spate, Rivers actually raise the level of their own beds by depositing sediment on the river floor The rivers will overflow in times of flood, hence embankments or levees are built to prevent flooding.. A good example of a river in Asia is the Yangtze
river.
The Yangtze has a torrential track after leaving Tibetan Plateau and reaching Ichang which is 1000 miles from the river mouth. It then joins the Han River and two lakes (Tungting and Poyang) and flows through a valley track with a winding course and a plain track It finally reaches Narking and flows through the Yangtze delta.
Questions for 14th issue.
3) Compare the distribution of wheat and cotton, and of rice
and jute in India and Pakistan, and account for them
briefly.
2. How are Artesian wells formed? What are their uses?
【中學畢業生職業問題
年年依槎傷腦筋 新港書院招生
問題之嚴重性. 面都應起責任 消除此 政府、社會各行業及教育方
,其他國家所未有 新横之太空原子科
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百分八十三
高四、美國學制與 【官,且坐工半皮木教學後,如何安珧
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均設有男女生宿舍及 三月六日入學考試
新港英文書院
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一四柱力留學的學生
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·砥珍率的飛安
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.幛有二三三 外出,寄宿生險規定 伊朗有二二四門,非至放學,不准, 日本有二九三四管理,一大校史保
出拼商决定。
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發址:香港莊士效骐二十號三鎏:電話,七二七四大四 中文部,商蔡惠紀教育司明布露與椒,香地方
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眞光基金會第二校招
歡迎報名
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·電筒-民六四九九(四九業青山江近仙射邈院蚪微草
啓
校新用啟
生招班摘
試期:二月五日(星期日) 上午
新招 校址:九龍尖沙咀山林道 電話:674402:672240
按生
校長 李連枝
創年三三九一
問颗校本
*** A.M.S.L.A.E.T.
世界
校學程工機電
中文夜校中小學堂段同時招始 ±一、小[董小火上下午台 幼稚1高低, 新校舍已落成 今办蓬人上課
嶺東中學招生
·開日期至一月三十日
繼你招技術,藝,日夜琦居- 械及電訊工作均能任 本電合激的呼平及商船担任婚 只生多在本港大東健報局海内
六〇七八九百
*四三
·海扶林道三十一
,留法博士教文法、綉、寫作及商業信扎等。 法文中級、高級及深造班招生,法國人教會話 英文商科班會計班·打字速起班 日文速成班 德文班·英婦會話班 二月份晨午晚新班招生(假期照常辦公) 雙開,四個月革熱,鼓聲
九龍尖沙咀加迪成老蒗十二號二集
【 法文專科標
胡鴻烈大律師(市政局民選
易譯英文中學左聲
青英文中學皮】
校長:孔壽年博士
·陳劍科
·