日三初月五年度甲歷買
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香港英文中學會考試題解答
歷史
HONG KONG SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
HISTORY
MODEL ANSWERS
(#)
22. Describe the scramble for concessions in China. What saved China from partition in the years up to 1914...
The defeat of China at the hands of Japan “was the. signal for a reДewal of European aggression in China. The closing decades of the nineteenth century found European powers engaged in a scramble for concessions and spheres of influence. Having had bartitioned most of Africa and extended their possessions in Asia. Th- ey proceeded to encroach upon the weakening Chinese Empire.
First of all, Japan was made to disgorge part of the territory ceded by China, The ink was scarcely dry on the treaty of Shimonoseki when France, Russia, and Germany lodged. with nrotests. with Tokyo against its possession of the Lieotung peninsula, arguing that it would be a menace to the capital of China rendering illusory the independence of Korea, and made precarious the peace of the interest in Far East. The powers, were of course moved by no regard for China, their interest in both Europe and the Far East were involved. Japan. was in no position to defy the powera, Tokyo renounced its claim to Liaotung peninsula In return for an addit- =ional indemnity from China.
ween To pay the indemnity to Japan, China had to have
recourse to foreign financies. The privilege of advanc- ing the first part of the laon --- made on the security of maritime customs, was wan by Russia, who was to haw the assistance of French benkers. To offset the Franco- Russian combination, Great Britain and Germany insist- en that China also borrow from them. Thie China did in 1896 and 1898, giving as security not only the custons revenue but also the salt tax.
In June, 1895, Franco-Chinese conventions were şi- ened in which China consented to a modification of the frontier between itself and Annan. Territory was thus given to the latter - in effect of France. By these conventions China also opened three new treaty ports
AWAH KIU YAT P
on the Sino-Annamese Frontie
in the event off the Feyploitation of miner unnan, Kwangsi and Kwangtung, French manufacture
engineers would be, given prior rights of assisting, and made provision of some railway building in the region.
Britain followed suit to safeguard her interest is Burma, southwest China and the Yangtze Valley. Mored.. rights and conditions for the British interest were 8-
心
Germany was of no exception. In 1895 Germany asked Peking for a coaling station but was refused; The Germ mans then fixed their eyes on Kiaochow Bay, an excel- lent harbour on the southern coast of Shantung on ̇ch Russia also had desigas. The opportune murder in
Shantung of twoGerman missionaries in 1897 gave the de-) Bired pretext, they seized Kiecchow and obtained a 99
years lease of Klaochow Bay with about 200 square, miles of adjacent territory and many rights. o
Thus within a short period of time, the leading Fu~ ropean nowers had acouired leaseholds on the coast of China which might be followed by hertition.
In 1898 and 1899, then, the scramble for portions ' of what seemed to be a disintegrating empire was acti- ve. The Chinese government, unable to defend itself by. force, found its chief resource in delay. Occasionally, it scored a victory; too often, however, it was helle- sa. Russia apocared to be about to seize full control of Manchuria and Mongolia Germany that of Shantung, France that of much of the south and Southwest, and no ssibly, Great Britain that of the Yangtze Valley.
Within the next years, three major efforts were ma- de to save the umpire from its impending doom. One of these was by foreigners, the other two by Chinese.
The part played by the foreigners was what is usu- ally known as 'open door policy'. Its nurpose was to keep all of China accessible to the trade, and, so far as possible, to the other economic activities of citi- zens of all nations --- to insure equally of treatment to all of the Empire. The best-remembered action of th~ is time in favour of the open door policy was by the United States. In 1898, Secretary of the United States John Hay attempted to safeguard the open door by obta ining the assent of the powers to certain specific pro- mises - that there should be no interference with any | vested interest in any ‘sphere of interest', or leased territory, that the Chinese tariff should apply to all mechandise in such regions and be collected by the Ch- inese government, and that harbour dues and railroad charges in these spheres should be equal to all. Notes embodying these pronosals were sent to Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Italy, France, and vapan, and a.fave ourable reply was given by all, although evasively by Russia. The Hay notes were in part a surrender of full equality of opportunity, or they admitted the exist- cence of spheres of interest. It is probable, however. that they helped to avert the partition of China.
3 How did Javan profit from the First world. War?
6日二十月六年四六九一层公年三十五國民衮中
Japan had made an alliance with Great Britain in 1902. Thie alliance was renewed in 1905 when. Japan de- feated Russia, At the outbreak of World War One in 19- 14, Germany held Kiaochao in China, Japan ordered Ger- many to give up this territory so that she could retu-. crn it to China, Germany refused and Japan declared. "war on August 23rd, seized. Kiaocheo but did not at one
ce give it to Oni
In January, 1915, Japan presented the 21 demands to China. These demands showed what Japan's aims in China were, and if they had been granted would have made Ch− ina a Japanese protectorate. The other powers could do nothing to help her as they were occupied with Germany.. China had not the means to defend herself. She had to agree to the first sixteen demands. By these, Japan's control over Shantung peninsula was confirmed. The rê-
1lway and territorial rights in Manchuria were extend- ed to the end of the century. America protested again-. st. the more important demands and so saved China from: becoming a part of the Japanese Empire.
After the War Japan controlled Shantung, Manchuria, Southern Mongolia, the German islands north of the Eq- uator and some other territories; She was now so strong. that "other States began to be alarmed. When in 1921.the. time came to renew the alliance with England; the late ter refused to do so. At the Washington Conference, J- apan. was recognised as the third stronest. naval poker/ in the World. Another decision of the Conference was the Nine Power Pact. This was a guarantee by nine pow-i ers, including Japan, of China's independence. The po- wers were not faithful to the pact, for when Japan in- vaded China, they took no action.
After the First World War, the rise of dicta KOT- ships took place. The advent to power of Hitler was for llowed by a series of major events which made the int- ernationel outlook increasingly blacker and blacker. Against the conscience of the whole world Japan wreston Manchuria from China and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo. Tac unanimous condemnation of the League of, the Nations was flouted, and Japan set the example of leaving Geneva. In face of the difficulty of operating in the far East against a major power, the powers took no steps to restrain the aggressc. The seizure of Mane churia by Japan was one of the events leading to the Second. World War.
24. Write an account of the development: of Hong hong}
between 1841 and 1941, dealing with ONE only of 'the following::
(a) the growth of commerce and industry;
OR
(b) education;)
EMOR
(c) medical conditions.
For the answers of the above, please refer toQ.j
[of Test XX. Development of Hong Kong.
而各家學季,亦包嶷 天中學出
九樓传
四
白機疲力或各人妙之齊麵
心漢
徵及其苹果能會對歐洲之校诉传英、英中學校 四、王莽篡演之 何若,在此會易 間出征匈奴之直要戰 之重要出應代表橋的
民選議員,來函等于 藝校斜游曼、俄英學
·府沿疆人民與土地安得失如何?台南高哲狱、南亞中正動 电髙景並略武帝期為三、維也納有成 殿、大名縣超常參加茵河市政務 全之必要撒施。一試“家族,營造后,两街坊會恐校監杯馬 學校活亚新、九犁形定期提出研究,俾
屬進于局
爲何?其失敗之斯一如何送受荷爾及米;花正會計李會桃 職員,說其一, 熬,沈與無極酒支持,並通西所商 國之。
校萃、談會所 赴台教育
·安持:雷朗無異議通
何在?
愛就先發炁?維 粉獨立之原因何在? 建成區雄割据之局? 1810至1825年間,被小奇幹英學校放通知會議至七時許,
之
·寫住,旺立在朝?以命可以向於英
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其樂四人,然人創樓」是五,WTH 勞教會屬下五小學
, 今起辦理招生
兩會於十九世昭射
九五傅起見:一人子弟報
各秦工友子弟,可由本
神行有 引料病篇: 證新及
來料,在校,甜本宗安翔凍般如
除氏:將核院外
小米皮斑发可生勞工批六工詔各排按同於開
社先人
级
【到勞工。 自校友
五學校的名工都能到的有在九的行
田—及期九正拇日校
冠,日時,五期舉 六一道旺話五般至時一,五名成,考。
七十四
(酸)。
代世界史。: f 上午十一時至下制泱;料是茶何時的 試卷一及試卷二試題 一何等組織?
午一時,英文試薪三 海商委以材 梁昨日所考之稱奧普十一、龚和是
上午八時牛至十 乃宿皆您頸州良共行平及功效。 今日沙段如下: 十、科 一;用以代黄何雄 市
之 物食分别斉沸共生,大堂及效根朗何?
斯祺含禁?和廷?和何何種於良制,
私立中交換聯會
〔中國號、面九時用,主席吳獅
定期開會員座談 ,藉以聽取有關教育問題域見
中州史
客
「封有,印
所见?在看落!
斯何試含其大略 思想學微勃照,其中 要似若?至要问昀發,此言君在時代士落霞、張變中枢麥瑞罗京宮酒樓學行。三 傑,道兩家之代成, 所發安之「人搜成品學流子裝、由大中举行;九龍區柳於經
低分對功臣及況梯 稻香端?台北育之,何坤、養中中學部小 任徐直接校內投定, 發對素有何代?此平息後,國內引起何林、文德中學悅蕃,交由研究部主 一,法爾菲合時中學部選材、東方中用)+日下午三時果 附小陈宗族,正基校為少亮,想明題之冤息,潘區定本 選衿八題克勤學校河克勤、導,所取對有阻就穿間 近代世界史一、安東中學鮑菇剂、分區召開分段談|
香港英文中學會考試題解答
化學
(箱)
Name all the processes used for obtaining toe separate components in
following mixtures=
sodi
chloride and water y distillation to recover
evaporation to obtain, the sodium;chi?
Norinalsält
(ii) Acid salt;
sodium sulp
ames of the acid
utiona
The
ton:Filin
gith O
lues of
and.
'sand
The mixtura, da abtained
ana ofa magne
sulphate and wate
ning two sNIES
Chloride, and potassium
infractional
hy 10 It can roirita
191
十行
古時中希原忠試卷] 有何影响?就合之。俄國發生兩次大戰之前,歐 俏以至元代復通?機,試略等之。.. C特氧)中文中L上路领,自代92至1867期間:北破十一、醫院當草 界史 今日考英文普通問題及勲譯 中文中學會考昨考本國史,近代世 為,初期颺及初類
人權宣言之内容如何 儒道兩家以誰爲代表
An element which exhibits this proper
odina
Given that the equivalent weight of oxygen is. B, and that 36 grams of
when burnt in sir or oxygen produce 132 grams of carbon dioxide, the equivalent weight of carbon.
Lot A ba thì quá
weight of
Therefore the "equ
leight of
2012 State
In which
sub2
The
compound differs from a mixture. have absolutely fixed and cons
gments of compound
ods but only by chemica
Frompound Tre, ausite different
component elements.
9 talement
dded slowly.to
Draw the flame of a candle and Whatis!the Illumination of.
names oft
ng Candle
due to
which
SEGES
are